Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

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Montserrat Corral

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Fernando Cadaveira

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Lucía Moure-Rodríguez

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

Socorro Rodrı́guez Holguı́n

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Bahi Takkouche

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Carina Carbia

UCLouvain

Adolfo Figueiras

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Manuel Barreiro–de Acosta

Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago

Pablo Juan‐Salvadores

University Hospital Complex Of Vigo

Juan Gestal

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago

University Hospital Complex Of Vigo

Servicio Gallego de Salud

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red

Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago

Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases

Paracelsus Medical University

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Sociodemographic factors related to self-medication in Spain.

European Journal of Epidemiology (2000)

Adolfo Figueiras Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Juan Gestal

Self-medication

Cross-sectional study

10.1023/a:1007608702063

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Citations (230)

Variables explicativas del gasto evitable generado por la no prescripción de la especialidad equivalente de menor precio

Gaceta Sanitaria (2001)

Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Adolfo Figueiras E. Lado Juan Gestal

Identificar las variables explicativas del gasto evitable por la no prescripción de la especialidad de menor precio. Se diseñó un estudio transversal sobre la población de médicos generales de atención primaria de Galicia (n = 1.500). Se seleccionó una muestra de 405 sujetos. Se recogieron las siguientes variables independientes a través de cuestionario postal: especialidad del médico, percepción de la calidad de las distintas fuentes de información de medicamentos, integración en equipos de atención primaria y número de pacientes. Las características del entorno fueron obtenidas a través de fuentes secundarias. Se generaron dos modelos de regresión múltiple utilizando como variables dependientes dos indicadores basados en el gasto evitable generado por la no prescripción de la especialidad esencialmente similar de menor precio. El porcentaje de respuesta fue del 77,4%. La eficiencia de la prescripción no se encontró asociada con el nivel de formación del médico ni con las variables de utilización y de calidad atribuida a la información comercial o institucional. Tampoco la variable modelo sanitario resulta significativa. Únicamente el número de cartillas y el porcentaje de cartillas de pensionista muestran significación estadística. Los resultados del estudio sugieren la escasísima importancia que los médicos conceden a la eficiencia en la prescripción. Así, con el fin de disminuir el gasto evitable por la no prescripción de la especialidad esencialmente similar de menor precio se debería reorientar los planes de estudios en la línea de asegurar que sus contenidos reflejen las prioridades sanitarias nacionales y los recursos existentes. To identify the explanatory variables of avoidable cost produced by not prescribing a cheaper equivalent drug. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,500 primary care physicians in Galicia (northwest Spain). The sample consisted of 405 primary care physicians. The following independent variables were collected through a postal questionnaire physicians’ training and specialty, physicians’ perception of the quality of available drug information sources, type of practice, and number of patients. The environmental characteristics of the practice were obtained from secondary sources. Multiple regression models were constructed using as dependent variables two indicators based on unnecessary cost produced by not prescribing cheaper equivalents. The response rate was 77,4%. No association was found between prescription efficiency and the level of the physician’s training, or with the variables of utilization or the quality of commercial and institutional information. The variable of health model was not significant. The only statistically significant variables were the number of identification cards and the percentage of pensioners’ identification cards. The results of this study suggest that physicians attach little importance to prescription efficiency. Thus, to decrease avoidable cost produced by not prescribing a cheaper equivalent drug, the medical curriculum should be modified to ensure that is contents reflect national health priorities and current resources.

Specialty

Variables

10.1016/s0213-9111(01)71614-7

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Oral health knowledge

Ernesto Smyth Chamosa Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Paula Fernández-Riveiro

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association between knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health in 12-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse the findings in terms of the conventional KAP health-education model and of the critical approach. Study design: This study has a cross sectional design. The study participants were 1105 randomly selected 12-year-old children resident in the region of Galicia in Spain. For data collection, five teams of one dentist and one assistant were formed. The dentist carried out the physical examination and the assistant helped the subjects to answer the questionnaire. Knowledge, attitudes and practice were assessed, as well as oral health indicators. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify variables affecting practice (as measured by extent of plaque). Results: The results of this study show how that there is an important association between oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practice in 12-year-old schoolchildren in this region. However, the results also show that attitude is not totally explained by knowledge, so that attitude cannot be understood simply as an intermediate variable in a knowledge→ practice causal chain. Specifically, the results indicate that sociocultural environment modifies the association knowledge, attitudes and practice. Conclusions: Within oral health education it is clearly important to increase public knowledge of the risk factors for dental disease. However, the efficacy of such education will be limited if health programs do not directly impinge on attitudes, and take into account factors related to the environment, education, social status and economic level of the targeted population.

Association (psychology)

Causal chain

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Citations (7)

Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Spanish University Alumni: Nine Years of Follow-Up

Frontiers in Psychology (2017)

Patricia Gómez Salgado Lucía Moure-Rodríguez Eduardo López‐Caneda Antonio Rial Boubeta Fernando Cadaveira

The aim of this study was to empirically identify different profiles of Spanish university alumni, based on their alcohol use over nine years, and to further characterize them. A cohort study was carried out between 2005 and 2015 among university students (Compostela Cohort-Spain; n2015 = 415). Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). A two-stage cluster analysis, based on their AUDIT total scores was carried out separately for males and females. The further characterization of every profile was based on demographic data, age at onset of alcohol use, positive alcohol-related expectancies, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as their answers to some European Addiction Severity Index items. Five different clusters were identified: Low users (29.2%), Moderated users (37.2%), At-risk users (14.2%), Decreasing users (13.2%) and Large users (6.2%) for females, and Low users (34.4%), At-risk users (25.6%), High-risk users (15.6%), Decreasing users (14.4%) and Large users (10.0%) for males. Being a cannabis user or a smoker was positively associated to those more hazardous clusters in both genders. Regarding females, significant differences in the age of onset and high positive expectancies were found. However, there were few significant differences among the groups in relation to their employment status and social relations. The results reveal the existence of different typologies of alcohol users among university alumni, with differences among males and females. Modifying positive expectancies, limiting access to alcohol at a young age, and reducing uses of other substances uses are key to promote healthier alcohol use profiles and to prevent hazardous uses.

10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00756

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Citations (16)

¿Es legítimo el uso de placebo en atención primaria?

Atención Primaria (2000)

Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna E. Lado Juan Gestal

10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78756-7

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Citations (1)

Risk of ischaemic stroke in people with migraine: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

BMJ (2004)

Mahyar Etminan Bahi Takkouche Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Ali Samii

Abstract

Objective To explore the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Observational studies published between 1966 and June 2004 (identified through Medline and Embase) that examined the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke. Results 14 studies (11 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies) were identified. These studies suggest that the risk of stroke is increased in people with migraine (relative risk 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.89 to 2.48). This increase in risk was consistent in people who had migraine with aura (relative risk 2.27, 1.61 to 3.19) and migraine without aura (relative risk 1.83, 1.06 to 3.15), as well as in those taking oral contraceptives (relative risk 8.72, 5.05 to 15.05). Conclusions Data from observational studies suggest that migraine may be a risk factor in developing stroke. More studies are needed to explore the mechanism of this potential association. In addition, the risk of migraine among users of oral contraceptives must be further investigated.

Ischaemic stroke

Stroke

10.1136/bmj.38302.504063.8f

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Citations (635)

The community pharmacists and their practice as health care providers

Gaceta Sanitaria (2008)

Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna R Alvarez Marina Khoury

10.1157/13125364

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Citations (11)

Proximidad a la farmacia y demanda asistencial en atención primaria

Atención Primaria (2012)

Antonio Carrasco-Argüello Marta Iglesias–Rey Jacobo Pardo‐Seco Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna

10.1016/j.aprim.2012.10.005

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Citations (1)

Influence of pharmacists’ opinions on their dispensing medicines without requirement of a doctor’s prescription

Gaceta Sanitaria (2005)

Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Manuel Tomé‐Otero Bahi Takkouche Juan Gestal

Evaluar la influencia de las opiniones de los farmacéuticos que no solicitan receta médica para dispensar fármacos que la requieren para su venta. Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio transversal sobre una muestra de 166 farmacéuticos de oficina de farmacia en la provincia de A Coruña. Las opiniones de los farmacéuticos, variables e independientes, fueron medidas mediante entrevista personal. Se valoraron las opiniones siguientes: a) prácticas prescriptoras de los médicos; b) cualificación de los farmacéuticos para prescribir; c) la responsabilidad de los farmacéuticos sobre los medicamentos dispensados; d) la cualificación de los clientes para automedicarse, y e) la percepción de los farmacéuticos sobre su trabajo. La exigencia de receta por parte del farmacéutico para 5 fármacos, que en España deben dispensarse con receta, fue la variable dependiente que se tuvo en cuenta. Se construyeron modelos de regresión múltiple. La participación fue del 98,8%. Un total del 65,9% de los farmacéuticos afirmaron dispensar antibióticos sin receta. Este porcentaje fue del 83,5% para los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos, 46,3% para los inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina, 13,4% para las benzodiazepinas y 84,8% para los anticonceptivos orales. Además, los resultados muestran que los farmacéuticos con mayor carga de trabajo y los que califican peor la prescripción de los médicos, y que en mayor medida consideran que ellos mismos están capacitados para prescribir, exigen menos recetas médicas. Por el contrario, los farmacéuticos que otorgan mayor importancia a la racionalización en el consumo de fármacos exigen receta más frecuentemente. Nuestros resultados indican que para el incremento en la calidad de la dispensación el sistema debería lograr: a) incrementar la importancia que los farmacéuticos otorguen al control y la racionalización del consumo de fármacos; b) adecuar la carga de trabajo de las farmacias, y c) mejorar la percepción que los farmacéuticos tienen de las pautas prescriptoras de los médicos. To assess the influence of pharmacists' opinions on their dispensing medicines with a «medical prescription only» label without requiring a doctor's prescription. We performed a cross-sectional study of 166 community pharmacies in northwest Spain. The opinions of pharmacists on the following were collected as independent variables through personal interview: a) physicians' prescribing practices; b) the pharmacist's qualifications to prescribe; c) the responsibility of the pharmacist regarding the dispensed drugs; d) the customer' qualifications for self-medication; and e) the pharmacist's perception of his or her own work. The dependent variable was the pharmacist's demand for a medical prescription for 5 drugs, which in Spain require a prescription. Multiple linear regression models were constructed. The response rate was 98.8%. A total of 65.9% of pharmacists reported dispensing antibiotics without a prescription. This percentage was 83.5% for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, 46.3% for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, 13.4% for benzodiazepines, and 84.8% for oral contraceptives. Further results showed that pharmacists with a heavier workload and those who underestimated the physicians' qualifications to prescribe but overestimated their own qualifications to prescribe less frequently demanded medical prescriptions. In contrast, pharmacists who stressed the importance of their duty in rationalizing the consumption of drugs more frequently demanded medical prescriptions. Our results suggest that to increase the quality of dispensing: a) the importance of the pharmacist's duty in controlling drug consumption should be stressed; b) pharmacies' workload should be optimized; and c) perceptions of physicians' prescribing practices among pharmacists should be improved.

10.1157/13071811

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Citations (39)

Binge Drinking and Declarative Memory in University Students

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (2011)

María Parada Montserrat Corral Francisco Caamaño‐Isorna Nayara Mota Alberto Crego

Background: Binge drinking (BD), which is characterized by sporadic consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short periods, is prevalent among university students. Animal studies have shown that BD is associated with damage to the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The temporal cortex undergoes structural and functional changes during adolescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between BD and declarative memory in male and female university students. Methods: The participants were 122 students (between 18 and 20 years of age): 62 BD (30 women) and 60 non-BD (29 women). The neuropsychological assessment included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Weschler Memory Scale-3rd ed. (WMS-III) Logical Memory subtest, to evaluate verbal declarative memory, and the WMS-III Family Pictures subtest, to measure visual declarative memory. Results: The BD students remembered fewer words in the interference list and displayed greater proactive interference in the RAVLT; they performed worse in the Logical Memory subtest, both on immediate and delayed recall. There were no differences between the groups in performance of the Family Pictures subtest. No significant interactions were observed between BD and sex. Conclusions: Binge drinking is associated with poorer verbal declarative memory, regardless of sex. The findings are consistent with the vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. Longitudinal studies will help determine the nature of this relationship, the neurodevelopmental trajectories for each sex, and the repercussions on academic performance.

Declarative memory

Binge drinking

10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01484.x

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Citations (73)