Abstract Carbochain and heterochain polyamides are highly reactive compounds and may be quite easily converted to various polymer analogs, including compounds with graft side chains. We have studied the relations in the polyoxyethylation of heterochain and carbochain polyamides of various structure under different conditions. Under heterogeneous conditions the reaction takes place not only at the surface, but in the entire body of the film or fiber, although not to the same degree. On heterogeneous polyoxyethylation of heterochain polyamides graft polymers were obtained with up to 55% content of polyethylene oxide, with varying polyethylene oxide chain lengths and with different degrees of substitution of the groups. The formation of polyoxyethylated polyamides with high polyethylene oxide contents is facilitated by the use of a large excess of ethylene oxide and a lower degree of orientation of the films and fibers. In the polyoxyethylation of heterochain polyamides, as a result of crosslinking insoluble products may form which are greatly swelled in the various solvents. The branching and crosslinking of the macromolecules has been found to result from the reaction of the terminal carboxyl groups of the polyamides and the hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene oxide graft. On polyoxyethylation of polyamides not containing terminal carboxyl groups non‐cross‐linked, soluble, graft polymers are formed. In the heterogeneous polyoxyethylation of Polyacrylamide films, graft polymers with up to 65% polyethylene oxide content were obtained. In this case the reaction is also accompanied by the formation of crosslinks. In the reaction process one or both of the hydrogens of an amide group may be replaced by polyethylene oxide chains.

Branching (polymer chemistry)

Polyethylene oxide

Amide

10.1002/pol.12005315811

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Poly[vinyl(oxyacetoxy)phosphinic acids]

Journal of Polymer Science Part C Polymer Symposia (1967)

S. R. Kafikov G. N. Chelnokova Yu. V. Artyemova

Abstract Oxidative chlorophosphination of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) results in poly[vinyl (acetoxy)phosphoryl chloride] formation and is not accompanied by significant destruction of the main chain. The maximum phosphorus contents in the product obtained have been as high as 12%, which corresponds to one phosphoryl chloride unit per two PVA units. Oxidative chlorophosphination is accompanied with side reaction of acetyl groupsphosphoryl oxychloride interaction. Depending on hydrolysis conditions of poly[vinyl‐(acetoxy)phosphoryl chloride], the mixture of poly [vinyl(oxyacetoxy)phosphinic acids] is formed with different ratio of acetyl and hydroxy groups, down to complete disappearance of acetyl groups. The derivatives of poly(vinylphosphinic acids) have been obtained which are soluble in DMFA, aqueous alkalis and (if phosphorus contents is high) in water. These compounds are very labile, easily undergo crosslinking, and when reacting with alkalis or metal acetates yield salts. The films obtained from acids and their salts are of amorphous structure and have certain complex of mechanical properties.

Vinyl acetate

Phosphorus trichloride

10.1002/polc.5070160340

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