Various diseases, including stroke, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy (CP), may result in central or peripheral nerve injuries and can cause denervation of muscles.Denervation of muscles results in muscle atrophy, decreased muscle strength, and diminished locomotor abilities.Denervation of muscles can also cause changes in muscle architecture. 1Muscle architecture is an important determinant of muscle function 2 and is defined as the arrangement of muscle fibers within a muscle relative to the axis of force generation. 3Muscle architecture refers to bundles of fibers known as fascicles and is described by fascicle lengths (FLs) and pennation angles (PAs). 4so contributing to muscle architecture are muscle-tendon properties, which are associated with functional performance. 5,6ltrasonography (US) has become a popular method for characterizing muscle architecture because of its safety and noninvasive nature. 7The reliability of muscle architecture measurements by B-mode ultrasound imaging has been demonstrated in previous studies. 8,9Using US, changes in the muscle architecture of children with CP were reported after botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, 10 and muscle architecture was compared between the paretic limbs and non-paretic limbs in chronic stroke patients. 11o the best of our knowledge, architectural changes of healthy muscle without any comorbid disease after denervation have not yet been reported.This study aimed to investigate architectural changes in the gastrocnemius muscles (GCMs) after aesthetic tibial nerve ablation in healthy adults using US.This was a prospective study conducted in a university-affiliated hospital.Ethical
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