The present article reports the synthesis of polythiophene-titanium(IV) phosphate nanocomposite (PTh-TiP) by a simple in situ titanium(IV) phosphate assisted chemical polymerization of thiophene. The structure and formation of polymer and its nanocomposite was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and TGA techniques. UV-Visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectrophotometry as well as viscometry and DNA melting studies were used to investigate the DNA binding of PTh and PTh-TiP with calf-thymus DNA. The anticancer activities of these materials against MCF-7 and MDA-MB- 231 cancer cells indicated both PTh and PTh-TiP are moderately active, with the latter being more active than the former.
Generally, the name “cancer” brings about a huge sense of terror. It is a big threat to human beings the world over. It is approximated that the number of cancer related deaths in the world may rise up to 11.0 million in 2030. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, exposure to pesticides and radiations, drug abuse, dietary habits, lifestyle changes are some of the prominent causes of cancer. Presently, different strategies are employed for ensuring safe and effective treatment of cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy are the most common methods of cancer treatment. However, it is the location and grade of tumour, the stage of the disease and the general state of the patient those determine the choice of the treatment. The latest cancer treatment approaches of the twentieth century include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies. This book aims to highlight cancer scenario at the global level. Attempts have been made to discuss the different causes of cancer. Besides, efforts have been made to discuss different presently available cancer treatment modalities.
A new multidentate ligand (L) has been synthesized by the controlled condensation of L-glutamic acid with formaldehyde and ethylenediamine. Cu(II) and Ru(III) metal ion complexes of the synthesized ligand have also been prepared. The ligand and the metal complexes were purified by chromatography and characterized by spectroscopy and other techniques. Molar conductance measurements suggested ionic nature of the complexes. The ligand and the complexes are soluble in water with quite good stabilities; essential requirements for effective anticancer drugs. DNA binding constants (Kbs) for copper and ruthenium complexes were 1.8 x 103 and 2.6x103 M-1 while their Ksv values were 7.9x103, and 7.310x3; revealing strong binding of these complexes with DNA. Hemolytic assays of the reported compounds indicated their significantly less toxicity to RBCs than the standard anticancer drug letrazole. Anticancer profiles of all the compounds were determined on HepG2, HT-29, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa human cancer cell lines. All the compounds have quite good activities on HeLa cell lines but the best results were of CuL on HepG2, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Keywords: L-Glutamic acid Derivative, Copper and Ruthenium Complexes, Molar conductance measurements, DNA binding studies, Hemolytic assays, Solution Stability and Anticancer Cell Line Activities
Titration is an important experimental skill that every chemistry educator and learner must master. Titration is often the method of choice in the science laboratory courses in secondary and postsecondary schools. During acid–base titration, chemistry learners are always told about salt formation. However, a practical visualization of the salt formed is not actually done. The evasion from the visualization of salt formed in acid–base titrations may prevent students from learning some key concepts of isolation, purification, quantification, and identification of salts. In view of the importance of titrations and salt formation therein, we demonstrate the titration of sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid with special focus on the visualization of the formation, isolation, purification, and identification of sodium chloride formed during the titration. The identification of sodium chloride was done by solubility studies and silver nitrate and flame tests. The approach serves as a unique and effective pedagogical method for understanding acid–base titrations and formation, isolation, purification, quantification, and identification of salts formed during acid–base neutralization reactions.
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