Summary The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological principles of applying high-tech seismic data processing algorithms, which have become industry standards in leading service geophysical companies, and in Ukraine are just beginning to be included in the sequence of seismic data processing procedures. The advantages of pre-stack depth migration, reverse time migration (RTM), and full-wavelength inversion (FWI) for visualizing the salt-dome tectonics of the Dnieper-Donets Basin is described in detail. It is emphasized that seismic data that maximally reflect the real geological environment can be obtained only as a result of a synergistic combination of perfect options for observation and processing systems, reliable velocity models, and modern migration algorithms as elements of technology in general. For example, the results of performing pre-stacks of deep migration, reverse time migration (RTM), and full-wave inversion (FWI) on domestic and foreign data are given.
Summary The main objective of this article is to study petrophysical parameters of Lower Permian carbonate rocks of western part of the Glinsko-Solokhivsky gas and oil region of the Dnieper-Donets depression (DDD) in normal (atmospheric) and modeling (reservoir) conditions. Lower Permian carbonate rocks (that are promising in hydrocarbon content) are widespread within the western part of the Glinsko-Solokhivsky gas and oil region of the DDD. In the Research laboratory of theoretical and applied geophysics of the Institute of Geology comprehensive petrophysical study was carried out, which included determination of: density of rocks; their resistivity; apparent and effective porosity; structure of capillary space; velocity of elastic waves in atmospheric and reservoir conditions. Also, petrophysical research took place. The comprehensive analysis of petrophysical data has been resulted in a set of correlation ratios between reservoir, electric and elastic parameters of studied limestones in atmospheric and reservoir conditions.
Summary In spite of the wide use of hydraulic fracturing in Ukraine, microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing is used to a very limited extent. This can lead to situations where the fracture zone does not meet the design objectives. The lack of microseismic control reduces the economic efficiency of hydraulic fracturing. To solve this problem, specialists from the Institute of Geology of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv have initiated a development and production program of modern methods of microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. One of the areas of work is the creation of technology and software for the imaging of microseismic events using the continuation of the microseismic wave field in the geological environment.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТРУКТУРИ ПУСТОТНОГО ПРОСТОРУ СКЛАДНОПОБУДОВАНИХ ПОРІД ЗА ДАНИМИ ПЕТРОАКУСТИЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ СЕМИРЕНЬКІВСЬКОЇ ПЛОЩІ (Рекомендовано членом редакційної колегії д-ром геол
Methodological principles and methods of the geological environment modeling have been developed. The main goal of this modelling is the creation of the information and analytical support of the monitoring of the methane migration and formation in coal deposits, as well as forecasting of geodynamic phenomena in mines. The integrated digital geological and geophysical model has been proposed as a methodological and methodical instrument of this research. It represents the virtual display of multilateral geological environment of the selected geological object. Target subject visualization models are designed to solve the fundamental issues of the geological structure, material composition and geomechanical properties of the rock complexes of objects. They are needed to solve the specific assessment of the environmental and mining-geological conditions and forecast of dangerous geological processes, especially geodynamic phenomena. The area Bezhanivska-3 located in Maryinskiy geological and industrial region of Donbass has been used for the testing of methodology of integrated geological and geophysical modelling and development of integrated databases. Geographic information system K-MINE has been used for the creation of a database and spatial three-dimensional model of coal layers and deposits.They are used for further visualization, reserves estimation and modeling of the stress-strain state of rock mass.
The results of rock physics study of 68 core samples from well No. 110 of the Runovshchynska field of the Dnipro-Donets depression in Ukraine are presented. Investigation of the P-waves on samples under different pressure conditions with the use of 'Kern-4' and high pressure VSC-1000 was performed. Analysis of the obtained data and calculated reservoir values of P-waves was performed. The character of the change in velocity of P- and S-waves for atmospheric conditions is considered. It is shown that the predominant amount of water saturated samples has a velocity of P-waves 3200–3500 m/s (dry samples 2100–2550 m/s), and the S-wave velocity for saturated samples is 2100–2550 m/s (dry specimens 1400–1500 m/s). For a collection of samples, which were measured in atmospheric conditions, the correlation dependence between velocities of P-waves and their density with a close correlation was established. Correlation dependences between elastic wave velocities and the connected porosity of saturated samples were investigated. The dependences of type Vð = f (Kð) with high correlation coefficient for three separate picks of the homotypic sandstones were established. During the analysis of the acoustic studies results under conditions of variable pressure for the majority of samples from the studied intervals, the authors obtained the following common factors. The values of the P-wave velocity, measured in atmospheric conditions, are always smaller than the values obtained after the removal of the pressure; however, there are sometimes quite noticeable fluctuations in their difference, which can be explained by a sharp (possibly hopping) closure of microcracks in the rock with increasing pressure and their delayed opening or non-disclosure when it is reduced. The most contrasting changes in the behavior of the P-wave velocities are haracteristic for several samples (Nos. 27, 48, 50, 53/1), which is most likely due to the void space structure in the rocks, possibly with an increased number of microcracks compared with other samples. On the basis of a priori data and the results of researches of samples at variable pressures, the authors calculated the P-wave velocities in reservoir conditions, conducted their comparative analysis with velocities that are characteristic for samples in atmospheric conditions, built a tight (R² = 0,85) correlation dependence of the investigated parameters.
Crushing and grinding minerals deposits of the western area NurkazganThe paper calculated the total surface energy of the mineral deposits Nurkazgan West, which is equal to: σ = 0,806 J/m 2 .The main contribution to the surface energy of the field West Nurkazgan minerals contribute quartz (SiO 2 ) and corundum (Al 2 O 3 ).Designed overall operation of the fragmentation of 1 ton of mineral deposits Nurkazgan to a piece of 5 mm, which is A = 3.014 J.This corresponds to a specific energy consumption E = 30.2kW•h/t.It shows that to increase the efficiency of ore crushing need to increase the defects of the mineral structure, reduce the temperature and increase the power of crushing.Cooling is best in ore hopper using liquid cryogenic plants.It is shown that an abrupt change of work crushing and defects in the mineral structure can be achieved with the optimal use of energy in the blast ore production stage or electroimpulse crushing hopper.It is shown that the minimum value of the grain size is determined by the surface energy: mind → minσ 2 .This condition determines the efficiency of ore grinding.To increase it is necessary to decrease the surface energy minerals.It is shown that the most cost-effective mix before the process of crushing and grinding the ore Western and Northern regions Nurkazgan field.
Summary Under petrophysical modeling, data of experimental determination of specific α- and β-activity and chemical composition of samples of Runovschyna area were used. Alpha-radiometry can be used to discriminate rocks of different lithology, and β-radiometry is more effective for age differentiation of formations. For reconstruction of the formation conditions should be applies such types: (1) Aα=1000–1500 (Bq/kg), Aβ=1800–2000 - type of rocks that undergone severe and deep weathering; (2) Aα=100–700, Aβ=200–1800 - type of mature sedimentary rocks, with a separate subtype with Aα=300–500, Aβ=600–800 that represented by sorted quartz sandstones; (3) Aα=300–1100, Aβ=600–1400 - type of argillite strata. Types 1 and 3 can be connected to the maternal layer of the kerogen, and type 2 is as a medium of migration and their accumulation. Overlapping the ranges of radiometric characteristics of different types of rock requires further analysis and improvement.