Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurological disease leading to the damage of two brain structures: globus pallidus and substantia nigra.The pathomechanism of this disease is still unknown.One of the hypotheses is oxidative stress.Oxidative stress is an overproduction of free radicals in which iron may be involved.To verify the hypothesis that iron may play a role in PSP we performed the Mössbauer comparative studies of pathological and control tissues.Ten samples of PSP globus pallidus, ten samples of PSP substantia nigra, twelve control samples of globus pallidus and nine control samples of substantia nigra were measured in a conventional Mössbauer spectrometer at 90 K.The Mössbauer spectra obtained for all samples showed well resolved doublets with an isomer shift of 0.46 ± 0.01 mm/s and a quadruple splitting of 0.70 ± 0.02 mm/s.The main difference in these preliminary studies was in the concentration of iron.The concentration in PSP samples in globus pallidus was found to be 257 ± 19 ng/mg tissue, compared to 183 ± 22 ng/mg in control samples and 301 ± 26 ng/mg in substantia nigra compared to 188 ± 22 ng/mg in control samples.Taking into consideration that we did not notice any substantial increase in iron concentration in Parkinsonian substantia nigra compared to control substantia nigra, but a substantial increase in both substantia nigra and globus pallidus in PSP, may suggest that iron plays a different role in the pathomechanisms of PSP and of Parkinson's disease.
Letters favour fistula as the cause of dysphasia rather than chronic epidural haematoma.Besides, the sudden progression of neu- rological signs 14 days after injury may be attributed to acute epidural haematoma due to ruptured pseudoaneurysm.This was the presentation in over half the reported cases of pseudoaneurysm, particularly in those in whom neurological deterioration occurred at an average of 11 days after the time of initial injury.5Coincidental existence of an arteriovenous malformation and mycotic aneurysm of the peripheral cerebral artery were considered as the differential diagnosis.However, in the absence of preoperative history of meningitis, cardiac disease and epi- lepsy, these possibilities were considered unlikely.Besides, both of these pathologies of this patient showed evidence of trauma to the adjacent bone, dura or cerebral tissue, thus implicating trauma as their sole cause.
Ferritin, the main iron storage protein, may be involved in triggering oxidative stress injury in Parkinson's disease. Aim: To determine the ratio of H and L chains of ferritin and the size of its iron‐core in brain areas with high amounts of iron: substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidus (GP) and hippocampus (Hip). Methods: H/L ratio was determined by ELISA and iron size of ferritin by direct measurements of isolated ferritin with the use of electron microscopy (EM). Material: ELISA was made on 11 control and four Parkinsonian GP, Hip and SN. EM data were obtained from measurements of 50 iron‐cores of ferritin in control GP, SN and Hip. Results: H/L ratios in control brains vs. PD brains were 5.92 ± 1.65 vs. 9.45 ± 1.93 for GP, 5.05 ± 1.67 vs. 11.41 ± 3.47 for SN, 16.01 ± 9.86 vs. 24.85 ± 5.88 for Hip. The sizes of iron‐cores in control brains were 3.3 ± 0.5 nm for GP, 3.7 ± 0.5 nm for SN and 3.1 ± 0.5 nm for Hip. These results may suggest different iron metabolism both in different brain areas and between PD and control.
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