Prebiotics and probiotics play a positive role in promoting human nutrition and health. Prebiotics are compounds that cannot be digested by the host, but can be used and fermented by probiotics, so as to promote the reproduction and metabolism of intestinal probiotics for the health of body. It has been confirmed that probiotics have clinical or health care functions in preventing or controlling intestinal, respiratory, and urogenital infections, allergic reaction, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and other aspects. However, there are few systematic summaries of these types, mechanisms of action and the promotion relationship between prebiotics and probiotic. Therefore, we summarized the various types of prebiotics and probiotics, their individual action mechanisms, and the mechanism of prebiotics promoting probiotics in the intestinal tract. It is hoped this review can provide new ideas for the application of prebiotics and probiotics in the future.
Longan is a kind of plant belonging to the Sapindaceae family and widely planted in China and southeast Asian countries. The longan fruits have long been traditionally used as a kind of herbal in Chinese medicinal formulation, in addition to being consumed as a fruit. In recent studies, polysaccharides and polyphenols extracted from longan pericarp, pulp, and seed have been identified as the main bioactive components in longans with a broad range of health effects and activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant, and immunological activities and anti-α-glucosidase and anti-α-amylase activities. Due to their prominent bioactivities, the longan extract have been considered as an important source of natural antioxidants or supplements. This chapter reviews the extraction, purification, physicochemical properties, processing, and biological activities of longan polysaccharides and polyphenols and provides reference for further investigation and utilization of longan polysaccharides and polyphenols.
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