Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). tRNA derived fragments (tRFs/tiRNAs) are groups of small noncoding RNAs derived from tRNAs. To date, the role of tRFs/tiRNAs in renal IRI has not been reported. Herein, we aimed to investigate the involvement of tRFs/tiRNAs in the occurrence and development of ischemia–reperfusion-induced AKI. Moderate/severe renal IRI mouse models were established by bilateral renal pedicle clamping. The tRF/tiRNA profiles of healthy controls and moderate/severe IRI-stressed kidney tissues were sequenced by Illumina NextSeq 500. Candidate differentially expressed tiRNAs were further verified by RT-qPCR. Biological analysis was also performed. Overall, 152 tRFs/tiRNAs were differentially expressed in the moderate ischemic injury group compared with the normal control group (FC > 2, p < 0.05), of which 47 were upregulated and 105 were downregulated; in the severe ischemic injury group, 285 tRFs/tiRNAs were differentially expressed (FC > 2, p < 0.05), of which 157 were upregulated, and 128 were downregulated. RT-qPCR determination of eight abundantly expressed tiRNAs was consistent with the sequencing results. Gene Ontology analysis for target genes of the tRFs/tiRNAs showed that the most enriched cell components, molecular functions and biological processes were Golgi apparatus, cytoplasmic vesicles, protein binding, cellular protein localization and multicellular organism development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that these target genes were mainly involved in the natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway, citrate cycle, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathway. Our results indicated that tRFs/tiRNAs were involved in renal IRI. These tRFs/tiRNAs may be effective partly via regulation of renal immunity, inflammation and metabolism processes. Candidate genes, including tiRNA-Gly-GCC-003, tiRNA-Lys-CTT-003, and tiRNA-His-GTG-002, might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of ischemia–reperfusion injury-induced acute kidney injury.
When a system crashes, fast and accurate log-based fault diagnosis can remarkably reduce the recovery time of the system and avoid further economic losses. Especially for the nuclear power industry, recovery time will lead not only to economic losses but also to international repercussions. Nevertheless, the massive quantity of obscure log information and the existence of hidden nodes pose major challenges to fault diagnosis and root cause determination. To overcome these obstacles, we propose the nowhere to hide (NTH) methodology, an efficient method to diagnose faults and locate root causes. We implement log-node and node-log mapping to avoid vital data loss in collecting fault logs and hidden nodes; furthermore, we utilize the logic of the nuclear power unit process system to reveal the crucial information in fault logs and hidden nodes and their causality to determine the root cause. We evaluate the methodology in a real nuclear industrial environment. The results show that system administrators can efficiently determine the root cause with the proposed methodology. Finally, we discuss the enhancements that are underway to improve the methodology.
The application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is restrained by their often-limited lifetime. A sensor node's lifetime is fundamentally linked to the volume of data that it senses, processes and reports. Spatial correlation between sensor nodes is an inherent phenomenon to WSNs, induced by redundant nodes which report duplicated information. In this paper, we report on the design of a distributed sampling scheme referred to as the `Virtual Sampling Scheme (VSS)'. VSS is formed from two components: an algorithm for forming virtual clusters and a distributed sampling method. VSS primarily utilizes redundancy of sensor nodes to get only a subset to sense the environment at any one time. Sensor nodes that are not sensing the environment are in a low-power sleep state, thus conserving energy. Furthermore, VSS balances the energy consumption amongst nodes by using a round robin method.
The flexible contract is an important mechanism for owners to govern contractors in construction projects. Given the limited explanatory power of the justice mechanism and the important role of relational factors, this study explored the role of ongoing trust and justice perception in the relationship between contractual flexibility and the contractor’s cooperative behavior and aimed to further reveal the potential influence paths through an empirical analysis. We found the following: (1) apart from justice perception, ongoing trust is another crucial mediation factor in the relationship. (2) Together with the former, ongoing trust plays significantly multiple mediation effects and constitutes the main indirect influence paths, among which the parallel one is strongest and the chain one comes third. (3) Moreover, both factors are more likely to be impacted by contract executing flexibility, compared with contract content flexibility. These findings enrich relational mechanism research and provide some guidance for the owner to build contractual flexibility to govern contractors’ behavior.
Cadmium has become the foremost inorganic pollutant in farmland in China. It is widely accumulated in karst areas in southwest China, especially in Guangxi Province. In this study, vertical soil profiles, rice grains and corresponding root-soil samples were collected in Guangxi. The Cd contents of soil and rice grain samples and several soil properties, including organic matter, Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, MgO, SiO2 contents and pH were tested. Meanwhile, sequential extraction procedure were used to analysis the chemical fractions of Cd in root-soil samples. Based on the measured data, influencing factors on bioaccumulation of Cd and its contamination risk in study area were discussed. The results indicate that the bioaccumulation and mobility of Cd from soil to rice grain are restrained by high soil pH, high contents of organic matter, clay mineral and carbonate. Guangxi has strong development of karst landform, with the continuous process of soil formation, the activity of Cd in the soils in such areas will gradually become stable. In general, the environmental risk of soil cadmium contamination in karst areas of Guangxi is relatively low. But preventing soil acidification is the significant measure to prevent the environmental risk of it.
Software defect prediction (SDP) is an important technology which is widely applied to improve software quality and reduce development costs. It is difficult to train the SDP model when software to be test only has limited historical data. Cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) has been proposed to solve this problem by using source project data to train the defect prediction model. Most of CPDP methods build defect prediction models based on the similarity of feature space or data distance between different projects. However, when the target project has a small amount of label data, these methods usually do not consider this part of data information. Therefore, when the distribution between source project and target project is quite different, these methods are difficult to achieve good prediction performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a CPDP method based on a semisupervised clustering (namely, Tsbagging). Tsbagging has two stages; in the first stage, we cluster to the source project data based on the limited labeled data in the target project and assign different weights to these source project data according to the clustering results. In the second stage, we use bagging method to train the prediction model based on the weight assigned in the first stage. The experimental results show that the performance achieved by Tsbagging is better than other existing SDP methods.
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