L. F. García del Moral

Universidad de Granada

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C. Royo

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

D. Villegas

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

Yahia Rharrabti

Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University

Vanessa Martos

Universidad de Granada

J. M. Ramos

Universidad de Granada

Roberto Tuberosa

University of Bologna

Maria Corinna Sanguineti

University of Bologna

Marco Maccaferri

University of Bologna

N. Nserallah

Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique

Fouad Maalouf

AgriBio

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad de Granada

Universitat de Lleida

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture

University of Bologna

University of Almería

Universitat de Barcelona

Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz Y Trigo

Universidad de Jaén

Estación Experimental del Zaidín

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QTLs for drought-related morpho-physiological traits in a durum wheat population evaluated under a range of Mediterranean environments

Marco Maccaferri Maria Corinna Sanguineti V. Natoli J. L. Araus M. Ben Salem

Morpho

Drought Resistance

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Sowing Date and Cutting Frequency Effects on Triticale Forage and Grain Production

Crop Science (1993)

J. M. Ramos Mónica Moral J. Marinetto L. F. García del Moral

Cereal production for both forage and grain is strongly influenced by environmental conditions, sowing date, and the frequency, as well as the growth stage(s) at which forage cuttings are made. To determine optimum sowing dates for, and cutting effects on, forage and grain production in a Mediterranean environment, triticale (× Triticosecale W., cv. Trujillo) was grown in 1989 and 1990 at two rainfed sites and one irrigated site in southern Spain. The best balance for forage and grain production in this environment was achieved by sowing during the last week of November or first week of December. Sowing before or after this period decreased forage yield by 22 to 44%, grain yield by 12 to 60%, and total useable biomass (i.e., forage + grain) by to 52%. The highest grain yield was obtained where forage was not cut. One cutting reduced grain yield by 26 to 60% at rainfed sites and by 18 to 20% with irrigation. Two cuttings reduced grain yield by 35 to 48% and by 45 to 70% with and without irrigation, respectively, but increased forage yield by 76% with, or 31 and 96% without irrigation. For a Mediterranean environment, these results demonstrate good forage and grain yields with irrigation or where moderate (~400 mm) rainfall is received during the growing season. Cutting triticale for forage does not appear to be advisable in areas with very low seasonal rainfall.

Triticale

Cutting

10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300060038x

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Citations (8)

Quantitative phenotypical expression of three mutant genes in barley and the basis for defining an ideotype for Mediterranean environments

Theoretical and Applied Genetics (1990)

J. L. Molina‐Cano L. F. García del Moral J. M. Ramos Mónica Moral Pilar Jiménez-Tejada

Mendelian inheritance

10.1007/bf00224189

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Citations (13)

Genotype by Environment Interaction and Adaptation in Barley Breeding: Basic Concepts and Methods of Analysis

CRC Press eBooks (2024)

Jordi Voltas Fred A. van Eeuwijk Ernesto Igartua L. F. García del Moral José Luis Molina-Cano

Genotype by environment interaction (GE) has important consequences in barley breeding. It often complicates testing and selection of superior genotypes, reducing genetic progress in breeding programs. This drawback may be overcome by a better understanding of the genetic and environmental factors that determine GE and adaptation of genotypes. An important array of statistical techniques is nowadays available to breeders and researchers to cope with the presence of relevant GE in multi-environment trials. This paper begins with a review of recent literature on the latest barley studies on GE and adaptation, including potential biotic and abiotic causes underlying GE. Most studies reported are empirical, describing postdictively genotypic performance across environments. As an alternative, methods allowing a more analytical approach are proposed, in which genotypes and environments are characterized in terms of external variables that affect genotypic performance. These methods are applied to a real barley data set. After data description, a number of selected multiplicative models are developed, namely the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, and the factorial regression model. Finally, the implications of GE in barley breeding are discussed. As an appendix, the SAS programs are given for the models described. Key-words: genotype by environment interaction, adaptation, AMMI, factorial regression, breeding programs

Ammi

Main effect

Additive model

10.1201/9781003578536-9

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Breeding effects on the cultivar×environment interaction of durum wheat yield

European Journal of Agronomy (2015)

Joan Subirà Fanny Álvaro L. F. García del Moral C. Royo

Understanding the effect of past durum wheat breeding activities on the cultivar × environment (C × E) interaction of yield and yield components may guide future breeding strategies. A historical series of 24 cultivars released in Italy and Spain during the 20th century was grown in 13 environments with average yields ranging between 1425 and 6670 kg ha−1. The most important environmental factors affecting the C × E interaction for yield were reference evapotranspiration before anthesis and water input during grain filling. The response of cultivars to environmental variables in terms of yield and yield components was associated to the allelic composition for the Rht-B1 locus. Improved semi-dwarf cultivars (carrying the Rht-B1b allele) had the best yield performance in environments with high water input after anthesis, while tall cultivars (carrying allele Rht-B1a) were better adapted to environments with high evapotranspirative demand before anthesis and low water input after it. The introduction of the Rht-B1b allele improved the capacity of the crop to respond to water availability during grain filling by increasing the number of grains spike−1 and grain weight. Yield increases due to breeding caused a loss of stability from the static viewpoint, but not from a dynamic approach based on the superiority measure (Pi). Some semi-dwarf cultivars maintained the levels of yield stability characteristic of the old tall ones. Our results suggest that durum breeding in the 20th century enhanced the response of the crop to environmental improvements.

Anthesis

10.1016/j.eja.2015.04.009

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Changes in duration of developmental phases of durum wheat caused by breeding in Spain and Italy during the 20th century and its impact on yield

Annals of Botany (2011)

Julio Isidro y Sánchez Fanny Álvaro C. Royo D. Villegas Daniel J. Miralles

Although the apical development of wheat has been widely described, studies analysing how genetic breeding over the 20th century influenced the developmental phases and its consequences on yield generation are lacking, especially for durum wheat under field conditions in Mediterranean environments. The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of breeding in Spain and Italy on crop development during the last century, to determine whether or not breeding significantly altered the developmental phases between sowing and maturity, and to evaluate the importance of each phase in determining the number of grains per spike of durum wheat (Triticum durum) cultivars representing the germplasm grown throughout the 20th century in Spain and Italy. Eight field experiments were carried out during 4 years in two contrasting latitudes (Lleida and Granada, Spain). Plant material consisted of 24 durum wheat cultivars (12 Italian and 12 Spanish) grown throughout the 20th century in Spain and Italy. In Spanish materials, breeding reduced the duration of the period from sowing to anthesis, placing the grain-filling period in better conditions. In those cultivars, the sub-phase sowing–terminal spikelet formation was reduced while the duration of the period from booting to anthesis was increased. The number of grains per spike increased by 23 % from old to modern cultivars, by changes in the number of grains per spikelet in both Spanish and Italian cultivars. Floral abortion from booting to anthesis diminished by 24 % from old to modern cultivars, and grain setting increased by 13 %. The results suggest that breeding reduced not only plant height, but also the time to anthesis. By extending the duration of the phase from booting to anthesis, which was associated with an increase in spike dry weight and grains per spike, it suggests that future increases in spike fertility could be achieved by enlarging that phase.

Germ plasm

Plant Breeding

10.1093/aob/mcr063

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Citations (75)

Searching for major QTLs for tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses in durum wheat

Marco Maccaferri Maria Corinna Sanguineti E. De Ambrogio A. Demontis A. Massi

Biotic stress

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Vegetative growth of winter barley in relation to environmental conditions and grain yield

The Journal of Agricultural Science (1985)

J. M. Ramos L. F. García del Moral L. Recalde

Summary The object of this study was to investigate the vegetative growth in six barley varieties grown in southern Spain (Granada) during 1979, 1980 and 1981. The results showed that crop dry weight (CDW) was dependent on environmental factors (mean temperature, rain, and radiation) which were the determinants of the two CDW components, leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area ratio (LAR). However, the effects of these climatic factors on crop growth rate (CGR) and on its components, mean leaf area index ( ) and net assimilation rate (NAR), were partially obscured by ontogenetic drift. In addition, a highly significant relationship was demonstrated between CDW (when the LAI reaches its maximum value) and grain yield. This suggests that the pre-anthesis period has a great influence in the determination of grain yield variation in hot, dry areas, where photosynthesis is very limited after ear emergence.

Anthesis

Relative growth rate

Specific leaf area

Dry weight

10.1017/s0021859600044105

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Citations (25)

Leaf Area, Grain Yield and Yield Components Following Forage Removal in Triticale

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science (1992)

L. F. García del Moral

Abstract Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cereal that can be simultaneously used for forage and for grain, but this dual purpose is currently limited by a lack of information concerning the effects of forage removal on grain production. Thus, the effect of one or two successive cuttings (simulated grazing) on grain yield, yield components in the main stem and tillers, leaf area and biomass development were studied in four hexaploid triticales grown under irrigation and with high soil fertility. Forage removal reduced grain yield and grain weight per plant in proportion to the number of cuttings, mainly by reducing the number of tillers with spikes at harvest. Whereas foliage reduction did not affect the number of spikelets per spike, kernels per spike, or floral fertility in the main‐stem spike, these yield components were drastically reduced in the spikes of tillers. Forage removal affected mean weight per kernel to approximately the same extent in the main stem as in the tillers. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) at anthesis showed significant loss due to cutting, mainly because of a decrease in the number of leaves per plant and in the green area per leaf. This caused similar decreases in the Leaf Area Duration (LAD) from anthesis to maturity. A strong inverse relationship was found between the percent of loss in LAI at anthesis and the final grain yield, suggesting that grain yield was largely dependent upon the ability of the crops to produce new leaf tissue rapidly in the time between cutting and anthesis.

Anthesis

Triticale

Cutting

10.1111/j.1439-037x.1992.tb00985.x

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Citations (21)

Yield development in potatoes as influenced by cultivar and the timing and level of nitrogen fertilization

American Potato Journal (1994)

Isabel de la Morena Alberto Guillén L. F. García del Moral

Nitrogen fertilizer

10.1007/bf02849051

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Citations (61)