Background/Purpose: Constant self-management is important for type 2 diabetes patients to improve or maintain their quality of life, however it can become difficult and burdensome. The purpose of the current study is to qualitatively investigate the mechanisms of psychological adaption to a type 2 diabetes diagnosis and the factors affecting long-term healthy behaviors by referring to a theoretical framework of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG), that is, personal growth resulting from struggle with trauma. Methods: A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with adult patients (N = 10) who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes over two years prior, maintaining an HbA1c of under 8% stable over 6-months, and showed a relatively higher level of PTG in a screening test using the extended version of the PTG Inventory. Results: Interviews were analyzed by the Grounded Theory Approach. Three main mechanisms were identified. (1) Some were able to continue healthy behaviors because they experienced PTG as a result of single major life event that occurred prior to diagnosis. (2) Some were able to continue healthy behaviors because they experienced PTG as a result of a number of minor but stressful life events that occurred in succession prior to diagnosis. (3) Others were able to continue healthy behaviors because they experienced PTG directly as a result of the diagnosis of diabetes. Overall, patients included in the current analyses were not overly conscious of their diagnosis or treatment in their daily lives, and did not seem to struggle with identity conflicts relating to their diagnosis. Conclusion: Current study identified three paths leading to healthy behaviors. Regardless of the triggering events, PTG experiences seem to transform cognitive processes and increase stress tolerance, resiliency, and perhaps purpose in life and a sense of identity, and thus enable them to maintain healthy behaviors. Future study should explore the paths among patients who have not experienced PTG. Disclosure A. Kayano: None. M. Yamazaki: None. K. Taku: None. R. Sakai: None. N. Higo: None. M. Asano: None. T. Hosokawa: None. M. Kawase: None. M. Fukui: Research Support; Self; Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Novo Nordisk Foundation.
The present study examined how the importance of values and perceived value congruence with families, friends, and country would be associated with the risk factors of passive suicide ideation. Specifically, the study investigated the associations that the values and perceived congruence had with thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness during the COVID-19 pandemic after controlling for the impact of depression levels. The data from the US and Japan demonstrated that the values such as cherishing family and friends and value congruence played a protective factor for Japanese participants; however, the associations differed among those in the US. Values such as enduring challenges played a protective factor for perceived burdensomeness in Japan whereas values such as cherishing family and friends played a protective factor and improving society was a risk factor for thwarted belongingness for those in the US. These results can be used to further understand the roles of values in mental health.
The main aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the newly-developed Posttraumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory (PTGDI-X) in a heterogeneous sample of Italian adults who had experienced a traumatic event.The instrument was translated following the forward-backward method and completed by 601 participants who met the inclusion criteria. The factorial structure of the PTGDI-X was assessed by means of multiple confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Convergent and discriminant validity and reliability were also evaluated.The results of the CFA revealed that the original 5-factor model was the best fit for the growth (PTG) dimension of the PTGDI-X, whereas it poorly fit the data with respect to the depreciation (PTD) component. With regard to convergent and divergent validity, positive correlations were found between the PTG scores and the core belief disruption and rumination scores, whereas the PTG factors correlated negatively with depressive and posttraumatic symptom measures. Conversely, positive correlations were identified between the PTD total score and all the other investigated constructs. Finally, the total scales and subscales of the PTG/PTD dimensions revealed good to excellent internal consistency.The current findings indicate that the Italian version of the PTGDI-X appears to be a valid assessment tool for the multidimensional structure of the PTG component. Future research is needed, on the other hand, to confirm the validity of the PTD dimension in the Italian population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Background Studies have indicated that the impact of a traumatic experience can be negative and can provide the opportunity to experience psychological growth, known as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Objective To evaluate the role of cognitive processing in PTG among parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) based on the PTG theoretical model. We compared the model between parents of SCC and parents of children with chronic disease (CCDs) to determine how the role of cognitive processing in PTG is different depending on the children’s illness. Methods Final sample consisted of 78 parents of CCSs and 44 parents of CCDs. The survey included standardized measurements assessing reexamination of core beliefs, intrusive and deliberate rumination, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and PTG. The hypothetical relationships among the variables were tested by covariance structure analysis. Results Posttraumatic growth among parents of CCSs had significantly strong association with reexamination of core beliefs, but not with deliberate rumination. Reexamination of core beliefs was significantly more likely to foster PTG among parents of CCSs, whereas deliberate rumination was significantly more likely to be associated with PTG among parents of CCDs. Conclusions For parents of CCSs, reexamination of core beliefs had a greater impact on PTG than deliberate rumination. Our results suggest that support should focus on the process of reexamining core beliefs in facilitating PTG among parents of CCSs. Implications for Practice Nurses should provide parents of CCSs with reassurance regarding their experiences of the reexamination of core beliefs, which will likely lead to PTG.
This study tested how the patterns of stressfulness would be associated with perceptions of a stressful event. Undergraduates in the United States and Japan reported their stressful event and retrospectively rated the stressfulness when the event happened and at the survey point. Results using cluster analyses demonstrated three patterns: Recovery, Chronic, and Low Stress. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that only Japanese students who perceived others as being responsible for their event were more likely to be in the Chronic group. Results may reflect collectivistic and individualistic cultural orientations and suggest that culture plays a role in the perceptions of stressfulness.
The prompts "What emotions does the thought of your own death arouse in you?" and "What will happen to you when your body dies?" have been used to induce anxiety in Terror Management Theory. The current study investigated how the responses to these prompts may reveal cross-national differences by using a text-mining approach. Undergraduates in the US (n = 298) and Japan (n = 212) participated in the study. Across both groups, anxiety was the most common emotion. Cross-national differences also emerged, such that students in the US were more likely to mention sadness, funeral, and religiosity for the first prompt, and acceptance, spiritual change, and religiosity for the second prompt. Students in Japan were more likely to mention regret for the first, and sadness, emptiness, and funeral for the second prompt. Results revealed differences and similarities in thoughts and emotions people associate with when thinking about own death.
The research examines the relationship of sense of humor differences and positive personality qualities with perceptions of stress and well-being. Positive and negative styles of self-directed humor were assumed to have opposing relationships with perceived stress, but the relationships were predicted to be mediated through positive personality qualities. University students provided data at two points in time separated by 8 weeks. Data from time 1 was used to verify the mediation of the relationship of sense of humor with perceived stress through the positive personality qualities. A more extensive theoretical model, using longitudinal data, was tested using the sense of humor measures from time 1 and positive personality qualities at time 2 to predict perceived stress and well-being at time 2. The results from the two analyses support the proposed mediator model in which the potential health benefits of a positive humor style and the potential damage to health associated with a negative humor style are mediated through the positive personality qualities. Thus, it would appear that good humor uses can support maintaining a stable positive personality style, which has positive associations with both psychological and physical well-being.
Failure experiences often lead to maladaptive outcomes, such as depression; however, in some instances, these same failure experiences yield positive outcomes such as wisdom. This study examines the mediational processes that may explain why an individual experiences these positive or negative outcomes following academic failure. Results from the online study (n = 208) found that the relationship between academic failure and depression is sequentially mediated by resiliency and fear of failure, and the relationship between failure and wisdom is mediated by fear of failure. These results can be used to create resources that help foster more positive outcomes when facing failure.
