Susan C. Miyasaka

University of Hawaii at Hilo

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Michael H. Shintaku

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Charles E. McCulloch

University of California, San Francisco

N. V. Hue

University of Hawaii System

Xiaoling He

Hawaii Agriculture Research Center

Michael B. Kantar

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Maureen M. M. Fitch

Hawaii Agriculture Research Center

Sharon Motomura‐Wages

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Roshan Paudel

Agriculture and Forestry University

Yun Zhu

Shaanxi Normal University

M. Habte

HZ University of Applied Sciences

Cooperative Institutions

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

University of Hawaii System

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Cornell University

United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Research Service

Hawaii Agriculture Research Center

Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center

Louisiana State University Agricultural Center

Honolulu University

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Root Temperature and Calcium Level Effects on Winter Wheat Forage: I. Shoot and Root Growth

Agronomy Journal (1990)

Susan C. Miyasaka D. L. Gruñes

Abstract Wheat pasture poisoning is a metabolic disorder of ruminants, that occurs particularly in the spring, during a sudden spurt in plant growth, under conditions of optimum temperature, ample soil moisture and adequate mineral supply. To determine the effects of an increase in root temperature and four Ca levels on the shoot and root growth of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Centurk’), seedlings were grown under three root temperature regimes (constant 8 °C, constant 16 °C, and increasing from 8‐16 °C), in nutrient solutions with four Ca levels (0.2,0.6,2.0, and 5.0 m M ). No significant differences due to Ca levels were found for growth rates of the shoots and roots (dry weight basis), nor for root extension rates. Growth rates of the shoots and roots (dry weight basis), and root extension rates were significantly slower for plants grown at 8 °C compared to those grown at 16 °C. Lateral root growth, in particular, was depressed in plants grown at a cold root temperature. The mean root diameter was significantly greater at 8 °C than at 16 °C, apparently due to the greater proportion of main root axes with larger root diameters at a cold root temperature. Plants transferred to 16 °C had growth rates of the shoots and roots that were intermediate, relative to those grown at constant low or constant high root temperatures. A lag period of 1 wk was observed before shoot and root dry weights of plants transferred to 16 °C increased, compared to those maintained at 8 °C. Thus, root temperatures play a major role in modifying shoot and root growth parameters.

Dry weight

Root system

10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200020013x

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Citations (18)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

Methods in molecular biology (2014)

Xiaoling He Susan C. Miyasaka Maureen M. M. Fitch Yun Zhu

Colocasia esculenta

10.1007/978-1-4939-1658-0_9

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Citations (7)

Taro Responses to Excess Copper in Solution Culture

HortScience (2000)

Steven A. Hill Susan C. Miyasaka Russell Yost

Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O) has been proposed for use in Hawaii as a molluscicide to control golden apple snail ( Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck) infestations of taro [ Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]. Two hydroponic, greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effects of solution Cu 2+ levels on taro growth, the solution Cu 2+ toxicity threshold, and useful diagnostic indicators of Cu toxicity. In the first experiment, taro cultivars Lehua maoli and Pololu were grown at nine levels of Cu 2+ ranging from 0.5 to 25.0 μ m . In the second experiment, `Lehua maoli' was grown at six levels of Cu 2+ ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 μ m . Significant ( P ≤ 0.05) toxic effects included reduced dry matter production, leaf area, and root length: root dry weight ratio, and both impaired photosynthesis and a generalized reduction of cation accumulation in leaf blade tissue. The solution Cu 2+ toxicity threshold (based on 90% of relative total dry weight) for young taro plants was 1.2 μ m . Because Cu does not accumulate in leaf blade tissues with increasing solution Cu 2+ levels, leaf Cu concentration cannot be used as a diagnostic indicator of Cu toxicity in taro.

Colocasia esculenta

Molluscicide

Dry weight

Copper toxicity

10.21273/hortsci.35.5.863

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Citations (19)

Economic Benefits from Managing Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) in Hawaii

Insects (2023)

Donna Lee Melissa A. Johnson Luis F. Aristizábal Suzanne Shriner Catherine Chan

Coffee berry borer (CBB) is considered the most damaging insect pest of coffee worldwide. CBB was first detected on Hawai‘i Island in 2010, and quickly spread throughout the state’s coffee-growing regions. With the introduction of this pest, Hawaii’s small yet economically important coffee industry was changed forever with growers facing significantly higher production and labor costs, as well as decreased yield and coffee quality. We assessed the economic benefits of managing CBB based on three strategies that emerged in Hawaii over the last decade: (1) the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana alone, (2) early integrated pest management (IPM), which combined monitoring and sanitation with spraying B. bassiana, and (3) research-based IPM, which focused on CBB biology in Hawaii, optimization of monitoring, B. bassiana applications, and cultural controls. From 2011 to 2021, the economic benefits from managing CBB were USD 52 million using B. bassiana alone, USD 69 million from early IPM, and USD 130 million from research-based IPM, for a total of USD 251 million from all management. Our findings suggest that all types of management provide economic benefits to Hawaii growers, but management strategies based on Hawaii-specific research have provided the greatest gains in coffee yield, price, and revenue.

Bassiana

Entomopathogenic fungus

10.3390/insects14040350

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Citations (7)

Root Temperature and Calcium Level Effects on Winter Wheat Forage: II. Nutrient Composition and Tetany Potential

Agronomy Journal (1990)

Susan C. Miyasaka D. L. Gruñes

Abstract Wheat pasture poisoning is a metabolic deficiency of Ca, and sometimes Mg, in ruminants. It occurs particularly in the spring, when K and N concentrations in the shoots, and the equivalent ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) in the forages, increase suddenly. To determine the effects of an increased root temperature and four Ca levels on the forage quality of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Centurk’), seedlings were grown under three root temperature regimes (constant 8 °C, constant 16 °C, and increasing from 8–16 °C), in nutrient solutions with four Ca levels (0.2, 0.6, 2.0, and 5.0 m M ). Plants grown at 8 °C root temperature had significantly lower Ca, Mg, K, and N concentrations in the shoots, and a significantly lower equivalent ratio of K/(Ca + Mg), compared to those grown at 16 °C. Plants transferred from 8 to 16 °C had significantly increased Ca, Mg, K, and N concentrations in the shoots over time, as levels changed from those characteristic of low root temperature plants to those characteristic of high root temperature plants. Plants transferred from 8 to 16 °C also had an equivalent ratio of K/(Ca + Mg) that increased 1 wk after the transfer, indicating a greater tetany hazard. The doubling in forage K and N concentrations, and the increase in the equivalent ratio of K/(Ca+Mg) as root temperatures increased from 8 to 16 °C, are similar to those found in field‐grown plants at the time of tetany for grazing beef cattle. Thus, root temperature could be a key environmental factor involved in tetany, modifying the nutritional quality of winter wheat.

10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200020014x

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Citations (15)

Methods for Controlling pH in Hydroponic Culture of Winter Wheat Forage

Agronomy Journal (1988)

Susan C. Miyasaka R. T. Checkai D. L. Gruñes W. A. Norvell

Abstract Plants grown in hydroponic culture make useful experimental models for soil‐grown plants. However, a major problem of nutrient solution culture is the adequate buffering of solution pH. Four methods of controlling pH in hydroponic culture of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Centurk’) were compared at two levels of Ca (0.2 and 2.0 m M ) to determine the buffering method with the least effect on the uptake of essential nutrient elements. These methods were: (i) manual titration with NaOH; (ii) Amberlite DP‐1 weakly acidic cation exchange resin loaded with Ca, Mg, K, and H; (iii) the organic buffer, 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES), at 1m M ; and (iv) MES a t 5 m M . Five‐millimolar MES gave the most consistent control of solution pH. However, it also inhibited Zn accumulation by wheat. One‐millimolar MES did not maintain the solution pH as well as 5 m M MES, but it did not significantly alter the uptake of any essential nutrient element. It is recommended as a pH buffer for the hydroponic culture of winter wheat. Resin in membrane bags did not adequately buffer the solution pH. It also removed some Mn and Zn from solution, thus depressing their uptake by wheat. Resin in a pump system adequately buffered the solution pH until its effectiveness was limited by the flow rate through the resin bed. Adequate buffering of solution pH was found to be critical for experiments that study the interactions between Ca and other nutrient elements. With the pH buffer, MES, the previously reported effects of Ca on depressing Mg, Mn, and Zn accumulation were observed. However, in the poorly buffered treatments, these elements tended to increase slightly with increasing Ca levels, perhaps due to the effect of Ca on maintaining root membrane integrity in an acidic environment.

Amberlite

Molar concentration

Buffer solution

Hydroponics

10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000020015x

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Citations (40)

Equations for predicting biomass in 2- to 6-year-old <em>Eucalyptus saligna</em> in Hawaii

Craig D. Whitesell Susan C. Miyasaka R. F. Strand Thomas Schubert Katharine McDuffie

Eucalyptus saligna trees grown in short-rotation plantations on the island of Hawaii were measured, harvested, and weighed to provide data for developing regression equations using non-destructive stand measurements. Regression analysis of the data from 190 trees in the 2.0- to 3.5-year range and 96 trees in the 4- to 6-year range related stem-only and total above-ground biomass to diameter at breast height and total height. Equations developed for each age class are recommended over equations developed for the combined data base (286 trees). For younger stands (

10.2737/psw-rn-402

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Citations (13)

Cation accumulation by winter wheat forage: II. Correlation with multi‐ion model

Journal of Plant Nutrition (1992)

David R. Bouldin Susan C. Miyasaka David L. Grimes

Abstract The effects of three ratios of Ca/(Ca + K) and three rates of NO3‐N on ion ratios in plants grown in soil and nutrient culture are reported. Plant uptake parameters, based on nutrient culture studies, together with soil chemical parameters, were used in a multiple‐ion uptake model to calculate the cumulative, uptake of individual ions. These calculated uptakes were then used to derive relevant ratios for comparison with those measured in plants grown in soil in a growth chamber. The results illustrate that the ionic ratios based on the model are well correlated with the measured plant ratios. Regressions of plant ratios on model ratios were calculated; the intercepts were not zero and the slopes were not one. The discrepancies between measured and model ratios were probably a consequence of deficiencies in the model and unmeasured plant uptake parameters. The results illustrate that the model is a useful way to summarize data and to generate hypotheses.

10.1080/01904169209364382

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Citations (5)

Aerenchyma and barrier to radial oxygen loss are formed in roots of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) propagules under flooded conditions

Journal of Plant Research (2019)

Tomomi Abiko Susan C. Miyasaka

Aerenchyma

Colocasia esculenta

Propagule

Hypoxia

10.1007/s10265-019-01150-6

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