Shikha Shikha

Delhi Technological University

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Shiv Shankar

Vivekananda Global University

Devesh Vishwakarma

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University

T. S. Bhatti

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

Divyashikha Sethia

Delhi Technological University

D.P. Kothari

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Shailja Singh

Jawaharlal Nehru University

Rakesh Kumar Shukla

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Shiv Shankar

Gautam Buddha University

Shivangi Awasthi

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University

Deepa Kannaujiya

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University

Cooperative Institutions

Banaras Hindu University

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University

Delhi Technological University

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

National Botanical Research Institute

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

Lovely Professional University

Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana

Gautam Buddha University

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Occurrence and Fate of Antibiotics in Manure

Saumya Khare Shikha Shikha

Chapter 8 focuses light on occurrence of antibiotics in environment, a worldwide issue of global concern. It discusses in detail on antibiotics consumption by farm animals, their transport into the environment, its fate in manure and problem of antibiotics resistance development. Further, chapter outlines methods for antibiotics mitigation and possible risk to environment and human being. The antibiotics are the emerging contaminants, which are ubiquitous in the environment and poses risk to the human being. The rapidly increasing world population, limited food resources, and increased demand for food-producing animals have led to immense pressure on animal livestock and hence, resulting in the intensive application of veterinary antibiotics for sub-therapeutic purposes. The antibiotics frequently occur in manure, regardless of their route, harbors antibiotic resistance gene in the environment causing a human health hazard. Hence, an urge is to understand the fate of antibiotics in manure to prevent the problem of antibiotics threat. In addition, there is an urgent need for efficient management strategies to overcome these issues via local bodies and various global initiatives. In this backdrop, the present chapter deals with the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in manure including their consequences on the environment and humans. Further, the chapter highlights the strategies used to mitigate antibiotics and their future prospects.

10.1007/978-981-19-4120-7_8

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HRV and GSR as Viable Physiological Markers for Mental Health Recognition

Shikha Shikha Aryan Lovish Arya Divyashikha Sethia

Mental stress has become a standard part of day-to-day life. However, experiencing long-term and high-level stress affects the daily life and wellness of the person. Consequently, an individual's performance and management ability degrade significantly in critical situations. Electrocardiogram (ECG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electromyogram (EMG), Skin Temperature (ST), and Respiration are essential physiological biomarkers to quantify stress effectively. This paper aims to classify the stress level with improved performance based on GSR and ECG-derived Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features using machine and deep learning algorithms. It uses the Stress Recognition in Automobile Drivers (SRAD) dataset, which contains a collection of multiparameter recordings from 17 healthy participants who drive on a prescribed route under various pressure conditions. The work uses Pearson's Correlation, RFECV, and LightGBM feature selection methods with different classifiers to reduce redundancy between features and enhance performance. The accuracy and F1-score for stress level classifications are computed and compared using machine and deep learning algorithms. For binary classification (stress vs. non-stress), Random Forest achieves the best classification accuracy of 93.96 % which is higher than previous works. It also provides an accuracy of 81.41 % for three-class (baseline vs. medium stress vs. high stress) stress level classification.

Skin conductance

Mental stress

10.1109/comsnets53615.2022.9668439

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Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Machine Learning Based Anxiety Classification Using EEG Signals

Shikha Shikha Manan Agrawal Mohd Ayaan Anwar Divyashikha Sethia

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by trepidation, stress, or uneasiness that involves extreme worry or fear over future unwanted events or an actual situation. Careful analysis for anxiety is critical since approximately 2 to 4% of the general population have experienced adequate symptoms indicating an anxiety disorder. This paper aims to classify anxiety levels based on machine learning and deep learning algorithms with improved performance. This work uses the publically available DASPS Database (Database for Anxious States based on a Psychological Stimulation). The dataset consists of EEG recordings from 23 participants during anxiety elicitation through face-to-face psychological stimuli. This work uses RFECV with the classifiers to reduce redundancy between features and improve results. We achieve the highest classification accuracy of 83.93% and 70.25% using Stacked Sparse Autoencoder and Decision Tree for two-class anxiety classification.

Autoencoder

Worry

10.1145/3486001.3486227

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Caspase-3 activation as a bifurcation point between plasticity and cell death

神经科学通报：英文版 (2012)

Shikha Shikha Snigdha Erica Smith Aleph

调停死亡的朊酶象 caspases 和 caspase-3 那样特别地，在 neurodegenerative 过程，老化和 Alzheimers 疾病被含有。然而，新兴的证据在房间死亡除了他们的古典角色建议那， caspases 玩在 modulating synaptic 的一个关键角色功能。活跃 caspases-3，能触发普遍损坏和退化，在象触处一样精细的结构聚集并且没有引起尖锐房间死亡，在神经原坚持，是显著的。这里，我们评估这两分，并且讨论 caspase-3 可以是在细胞的发信号的一个分叉点的假设，对东方能在任何一个 pathological/apoptotic 小径下面或向生理的细胞的改变强调的 neuronal 反应。我们建议那时间，空间并且 caspase 活动的另外的管理者是在神经原的 caspase-3 激活的最终的效果的关键决定因素。这个概念越过 lifespan 为 caspase-3 激活的微分角色有含意。明确地，当长期的激活在变老的大脑涉及退化进程时，我们建议有限 caspase-3 激活为在健康成年大脑的 synaptic 功能是批评的。

Caspase 2

Caspase-9

Caspase 7

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Memristor-Based Architectures for PFSCL Circuit Realizations

Circuits Systems and Signal Processing (2023)

Shikha Shikha Neeta Pandey Kirti Gupta

Memristor

Power–delay product

10.1007/s00034-023-02346-x

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Secondary Metabolites: Metabolomics for Secondary Metabolites

Elsevier eBooks (2019)

Gaurav Raj Dwivedi Brijesh S. Sisodia Shikha Shikha

Secondary metabolism

Synthetic Biology

Antibiosis

Secondary metabolite

10.1016/b978-0-444-63504-4.00022-0

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Vertical Axis Wind Rotor with Concentration by Convergent Nozzles

Wind Engineering (2003)

Shikha Shikha T. S. Bhatti D.P. Kothari

This Dissertation Note describes practical tests on small vertical axis turbines using concentrating convergent nozzles. The nozzles amplify the wind-speed before the air contacts the blades. The purpose of the work relates to distributed power generation in regions with weak, mainly single-directional winds. Wind-tunnel tests of five different nozzle arrangements have been conducted. The length and outlet area of the nozzles were changed to see the effect on the increase of wind speed. The variation of the output wind-speed with different values of input wind speed, different input areas of nozzle and different lengths of nozzle have been recorded. The tests identify the optimum nozzle dimensions for improved performance of the system.

10.1260/030952403773617517

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Citations (23)

Effect of glyphosate toxicity on growth, pigment and alkaline phosphatase activity in cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum: a role of inorganic phosphate in glyphosate tolerance.

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (2004)

Shikha Shikha Singh Dp Darmwal Ns

Response of glyphosate toxicity on photoautotrophic cyanobacterium A. doliolum and its mutant strain was investigated. Chlorophyll a content of both the wild type and mutant strain in the presence of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) initially showed an increasing trend when supplemented with Pi and a declining tendency under the Pi-starved condition. The results suggested that both the wild type and mutant strains were more sensitive to glyphosate in the absence of phosphate. Alkaline phosphatase activity of wild type strain in the presence of Pi, enhanced in response to addition of glyphosate (40 microg/ml), but the activity remained unaltered by addition of glyphosate in the Pi-starved cells, whereas the alkaline phosphatase activity in the mutant strain under both Pi-starved as well as unstarved conditions was stimulated (approximately 5.4 and 3.1-fold, respectively) by addition of glyphosate. The results on alkaline phosphatase activity indicated a glyphosate-induced depletion in the phosphate content of the cells, particularly in the mutant strain, as evident from the stimulated activity of alkaline phosphatase. It is suggested that enzyme activity in the Pi-starved wild type cells may not be influenced any further by glyphosate, as cellular phosphate reserve might not be available for further depletion.

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Adsorption of malachite green onto sodium alginate/bentonite (SA/Bnt) nanocomposite: optimization and modeling via RSM-DSD and insight kinetics and mechanism of adsorption

Arabian Journal of Geosciences (2024)

Devesh Vishwakarma Shalu Rawat Deepa Kannaujiya Shikha Shikha Brijesh Shukla

Malachite green

Bentonite

Sodium alginate

10.1007/s12517-024-11964-x

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Microbial xylanases: production, applications and challenges.

CABI eBooks (2016)

Shiv Shankar Shikha Shikha Manjul Gupta Manjul Gupta

Xylanases (enzyme code EC 3.2.1.8) are a class of enzymes catalysing the degradation of the linear polysaccharide β-1,4-xylan into xylose, thus breaking down hemicellulose, a major constituent of the plant cell wall. Xylanase production has been reported in a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and filamentous fungi. In the past few years, xylanases have drawn significant attention of the scientific fraternity due to their widespread biotechnological applications such as: (i) in pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste to simple sugars; (ii) production of biobutenol; (iii) animal feed processing; (iv) improvement of bread quality; (v) biobleaching of fabrics; (vi) pulp bleaching; (vii) silage production; and (viii) treatment of organic waste. The main bottleneck in commercial applications of xylanase-based enzymatic processes is the bulk production of xylanases at an economically viable rate. Therefore, it is exigent to work on cost-effective strategies for large-scale production of xylanases by microbes.

Hemicellulose

10.1079/9781780645216.0313

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Citations (3)