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Compounds which are having an isoindole moiety are important classes of the bioactive molecules. Several isoindoles and their fused derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their efficiency as antimicrobial agents in the past years. However, several novel problems appeared with the treatment of various infections (resistant bacterial or nosocomial infections, multidrug-resistant bacterial, rare and aggressive infections), thus medicinal or pharmaceutical chemists are challenged to discover and find improved novel and more efficient drugs. The aim of this overview is to summarize the most efficient and promising isoindole derivatives to promote these developments of potent and safe drugs with fewer side effects.
Certain cycloalkane-anellated heterocycles undergo rearrangement under basic or acidic conditions via ring-contraction, ringexpansion or ring-opening pathways to afford new or unusual compounds. The reactivities and properties of cycloalkane-fused heterocycles differ significantly from those of heteroaromatic ring systems. Possible mechanisms are also discussed.
A simple solvent-free synthesis of 3-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-oxo-1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl]propanoic acid 3 was achieved by fusion of cis-2-[(4-methylphenyl)carbonyl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1 with 3-aminopropanoic acid 2. The structure of this new compound was confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data.
Searching new targets for anti-inflammatory drug design, agents with the isoindole skeleton were focused on the basis of preliminary studies of NSAIDs as COX-1 and/or COX-2 enzyme inhibitors.Thus several novel N-substituted isoindoline derivatives as possible biologically active compounds were prepared as analogues of Indoprofen (1) starting from cis-2-[(4methylphenyl)carbonyl]cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (3) by treatment with primary arylamines.
The isoindole scaffolds and their related compounds are very important as they have a wide range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiarrhythmic, nootropic, anxiolytic, sedative, and antimicrobial activities. The design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel antiviral agents have seen an increased relevance over the past few years. Several promising and successful results have been collected and reported in this mini review that could be useful for their further development and application in antiviral therapy. Furthermore, the main types of drug targets, the mechanism of actions, and the structure–activity relationship have also been studied to find potent and safe antiviral agents. This review summarises the considerable antiviral activities of isoindoline derivatives against several human viruses. The isoindole framework has and comprises many advantageous physicochemical- and biological properties. Several promising results showed that linkage, fusion, substitution or hybridization of the isoindole ring with various other rings or side chains led to effective antivirals. Results reported refer to versatile mechanism of action of thesecompounds.
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