Blood Metal Concentrations and Pubertal Development among Females in the CYGNET Prospective Cohort Study — Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2006–2011Abstract Number:1722 Jason Wilken*, Gayle Windham, Louise Greenspan, Robert Voss, Ryzard Gajek, and Lawrence Kushi Jason Wilken* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Gayle Windham California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Louise Greenspan Kaiser Permanente, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Robert Voss California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Ryzard Gajek California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , and Lawrence Kushi Kaiser Permanente, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] AbstractBackground: Dysregulation of pubertal timing is associated with adverse health outcomes. Environmental or dietary metal toxicants can disrupt hormone function or production and have been associated with delayed menarche. We examined the influence of metals on pubertal timing in a longitudinal cohort of females.Methods: Participants were 314 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members, aged 6–8 years at study enrollment in 2005–2006 with annual follow-up since, including anthropometry and breast and pubic hair Tanner staging. Blood specimens were collected and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) once, either at baseline or the first or second annual follow-up exams; blood metal concentrations were log-transformed if not normally distributed (Hg, As). Blood metal concentrations were compared by Pearson's correlation. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) for each metal and onset of breast or pubic hair development, defined as Tanner Stage 2 or greater, were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, body mass index, annual family income, and caregiver education at time of blood draw.Results: All metal concentrations were above the limit of detection (LOD) for =99% of participants, except Cd (50.4%); therefore, Cd was dichotomized as = and
Environmental Chemicals in the Blood of Pregnant Women and Their Newborns from San FranciscoAbstract Number:2740 Rachel Morello-Frosch*, Tracey Woodruff*, Lara Cushing, Bill Jesdale, Jackie Schwartz, Miaomiao Wang, Weihong Guo, Tan Guo, Sissy Petropoulou, June-Soo Park, Myrto Petreas, Ryzard Gajek, Jianwen She, and Dina Dobraca Rachel Morello-Frosch* School of Public Health and Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Tracey Woodruff* Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Lara Cushing Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Bill Jesdale Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Jackie Schwartz Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Miaomiao Wang Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Weihong Guo Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Tan Guo Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Sissy Petropoulou Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , June-Soo Park Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Myrto Petreas Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Ryzard Gajek Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , Jianwen She Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] , and Dina Dobraca Environmental Health Investigations Branch, California Department of Public Health, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] AbstractPrenatal chemicals exposure can adversely affect development, yet we lack data to characterize relationships between maternal and fetal exposures for many chemicals. We analyzed 65 matched maternal and cord blood from pregnant women in San Francisco for 59 analytes: 19 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 4 hydroxylated PBDE metabolites, 15 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 11 perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) and 3 metals. We calculated summary statistics, correlation coefficients, and ratios of analyte concentrations in cord and maternal blood after logarithmic transformation, and using imputed values as needed. Our population consisted primarily of Latina, low income women (2/3 foreign born). We detected a median of 37 chemicals in maternal blood (range 27-45, or 46% to 76% of the 59 chemicals tested). We detected 18 chemicals in 90% or more of the pregnant women, including BDEs (47, 99, 100, 153), PCBs (74, 138, 153, 180, 187), OCPs (DDE, HCB), PFCs (Me-PFOSA, PFNA, PFOS, POFSA, PFUA), and metals (Pb, Hg). We detected a median of 32 chemicals across the cord bloods (range 21-43). We detected 15 chemicals in 90% or more of cord bloods, including BDE-47 and BDE-99, several PCBs (66, 99, 101, 153), OCPs (DDE, HCB, t-nonachlor), PFCs (Me-PFOSA, PFNA, PFOS, PFOSA), and metals (Pb, Hg). We found generally higher levels of PBDEs (including 5'-OH-BDE-49), PCBs and mercury in cord blood compared to maternal blood, with the median ratio for PBDEs between 1.2 and 1.8, for PCBs between 1.3 and 3.9, and for mercury 1.3. Other analytes have either similar ratios (OCPs) or ratios less than 1 (PFCs and lead). Overall, the range of ratios was broad, with some below one and others as high as 32. Our results demonstrate maternal and fetal exposures to multiple chemicals during a sensitive time period. Better characterization of health risks of in utero exposures to multiple chemicals is needed to inform efforts to reduce prenatal exposures.
