Nonye Treasure Ujam

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

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Malachy Ugwu

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Ejikeugwu Chika

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

Cyril Adonu

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

Charles Okechukwu Esimone

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Emmanuel Nwakaeze

Ebonyi State University

Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Chijioke Edeh

Ebonyi State University

Michael U. Adikwu

University of Nigeria

Iroha Ifeanyichukwu

Ebonyi State University

Angus Nnamdi Oli

Nnamdi Azikiwe University

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Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Enugu State University of Science and Technology

Ebonyi State University

University of Nigeria

Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki

Udayana University

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University

Federal Medical Centre

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Czechia)

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Mangrove-Derived Fungi as a Reservoir of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Promising for Anticancer Leads: A Literature Review

Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento (2023)

Ni Kadek Ari Kristiani I Putu Yogi Astara Putra Ni Wayan Prasanthi Swarna Putri Ni Putu Eka Leliqia Nonye Treasure Ujam

Cancer was the leading cause of death, which accounting for nearly 10 million deaths globally in 2020. Currently, cancer treatment still relies on chemotherapy, however, most anticancer drugs showed non-specific toxicity to normal cell proliferation resulting in various side effects, and are ineffective against many forms of cancer. In addition, the increasing case of chemoresistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy has boosted the discovery of new anticancer agents. Natural products are known as the origin of several clinically used anticancer agents, e.g. taxol and vincristine. Among natural products, mangrove-derived fungi are of particular scientific interest evidenced by the increasing rate of publications on cytotoxic secondary metabolites reported. Hence, this literature review aims to provide comprehensive information on cytotoxic secondary metabolites isolated from mangrove-derived fungi, which might contribute to the search for anticancer leads from natural resources. Data were collected from original research articles published on scientific-based sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Taylor and Francis, Elsevier, and MDPI, in the range of 2011-2022. Fifty-four cytotoxic secondary metabolites with IC50 values below 10 µM were described herein, which were classified in to 8 groups of metabolites. These compounds were reported from 16 genera of mangrove-associated fungi. Among them, Aspergillus and Penicillium were the most frequent producers of cytotoxic metabolites, suggesting their enormous potential as a source of pharmacophores for anticancer candidates.

10.36733/medicamento.v9i2.6910

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Multidrug Resistance And Susceptibility Profile of Outpatient Escherichia Coli Clinical Isolates

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (2024)

Rachel Efita Ejikeugwu Chika Euslar Nnenna Onu Cyril Adonu Nonye Treasure Ujam

Background: To gain better understanding about the impact of antibiotic selection pressure on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nigeria, it is important to conduct and review from time to time the susceptibility profile of clinically important bacteria including Escherichia coli. This study investigated the susceptibility and multidrug resistance profile of E. coli isolates from urine samples of patients who received outpatient’s medical services in Abakaliki. Methods: A total of 50 non-duplicate clinical isolates of E. coli from the microbiology laboratory section of a tertiary hospital in Abakaliki, Nigeria was recruited for this study. Susceptibility studies were determined using amoxicillin (20 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), nitrofurantoin (300 µg) and erythromycin acid (15 µg) by the modified Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. All susceptibility studies were carried out as per the guidelines of the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Multidrug resistance was evaluated by the multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) calculation. Results: The E. coli isolates showed reduced susceptibility to gentamicin (75%), ciprofloxacin (85%), nitrofurantoin (95%), amoxicillin (100%), erythromycin (100%) and ceftazidime (95%). A total of 12 E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant to clinically important antibiotics in the classes: cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, penicillins and nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: We report a high rate of antibiotic resistance of outpatients E. coli isolates which concurrently showed multidrug resistance to important antibiotic classes. These findings have clinical significance and provide a benchmark for future studies on the susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates in Nigeria. This preliminary study reiterates the need to reinvigorate antibiotic stewardship in our local hospitals so as to preserve the clinical efficacy of available antibiotics since it takes years for a new antibiotic to be developed.

10.47485/2694-5614.1028

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Antimicrobial Resistance Evaluation of Organisms Isolated from Liquid Herbal Products Manufactured and Marketed in South Eastern Nigeria

British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2013)

Nonye Treasure Ujam

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International (ISSN: 2456-9119) is dedicated to publish high quality papers in all areas of pharmaceutical Science including pharmaceutical drugs, community pharmacy, hospital pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, compounding pharmacy, consultant pharmacy, internet pharmacy, veterinary pharmacy, nuclear pharmacy, military pharmacy, pharmacy informatics, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacology, neuropharmacology, psychopharmacology, pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacoepidemiology, toxicology, theoretical pharmacology, posology, pharmacognosy, behavioral pharmacology, environmental pharmacology, medicine development and safety testing, drug legislation and safety, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmaceutical molecular biology, pharmaceutical biotechnology. The journal also encourages the submission of useful reports of negative results. This is a quality controlled, OPEN peer reviewed, open access INTERNATIONAL journal.

10.9734/bjpr/2014/3554

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Evaluation of Antiplasmodial and Immunomodulatory Activities of Extracts of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from four Nigerian Medicinal Plants

Planta Medica International Open (2017)

Nonye Treasure Ujam Peter M. Eze Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli C Abbah Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye

Endophytic fungi are the most promising source for new drugs to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance. Twelve fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves and stems of Azadirachta indica, Newbouldia laevis, Psidium guajava and Agerantum conyzoides using standard methods. Solid state fermentation of the isolated fungi was carried out on rice media for 21 days at 22oC and the fungal secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. The extracts were tested for antiplasmodial activity in vivo against Plasmodium berghei (Anka strain) using Peter and Reyley's curative test methods while in vitro activity against Plasmosium falciparum was determined using standardized WHO microtest system. Immunomodulatory activity of the extract was evaluated by cyclophosphamide unduce myelosuppresion. Active extracts were further subjected to Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Response (DTHR) and Heamaglutination Inhibition Assay using SRBCs and antigens. The extracts showed varying degree of antiplasmodial activities. Growth of P.berghei was significanlty (P < 0.001) inhibited, curative effect range from 59.09 – 100%. Schizont maturation of P.falciparum isolates was inhibited and the highest level of inhibition was observed at 1 mg/ml (P < 0.05). Seven (58.33%) of the fungal extracts showed significant counteracting effect to the cyclophosphamide-induced reduction in total WBC, % neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte (p < 0.05). There was a significant inhibition of the DTHR and heamagglutination induced by SRBC in rats up to 78.49 and 69.23% respectively. Correlation was positive and statistically significant between malaria and Immunomodulatory activities.observed (P = 0.036, r = 0.786). HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of ferulic acid, luteolin, peperine, rocaglamid, epicatechin and phenylacetic acid which have been reported to have antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities. Extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from these Nigerian Medicinal plants possess antiplasmodial and immunomodulatory activities which portends a novel approach for malaria therapy.

Plasmodium berghei

10.1055/s-0037-1608414

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Antioxidant and immunosuppressive activities of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Psidium guajava and Newbouldia laevis

Phytomedicine Plus (2021)

Nonye Treasure Ujam Daniel Lotanna Ajaghaku Festus Basden Okoye Charles Okechukwu Esimone

Plant endophytic fungi have been recognized as an important and novel resource of natural bioactive products with potential application in different fields of life. The present work evaluated the antioxidant and immunosuppressive activities of the extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Psidium guajava and Newbouldia laevis. Endophytic fungi were isolated from the selected plants and their secondary metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate after solid state fermentation on rice media for 21 days at 22°C. Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay) was used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the extracts and their IC50 were calculated, using quercetin as the standard. Immunomodulatory activities of the extracts were evaluated using cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression model. Bioactive components of the extracts were examined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis, Two endophytic fungi (PGS1 and NLL3) were isolated from P. guajava and N. laevis, respectively. The fungal extract at 200 and 100 mg/mL significantly (p<0.05) reduced the total white blood cell count of the mice after ten days treatment. The crude extracts of PGS1 and NLL3 exhibited potent inhibition of DPPH free radical activity with IC50 values of 44.1 and 41.1 µg/mL, respectively. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of protocatechuic acid, asteric acid, citrinin, nidulalin, citreohybridinol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cyclopenin, nakijinol previously reported to have antioxidant and immunosuppressant properties. Extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from P. guajava and N. laevis possess antioxidant and immunosuppressive activities, which could be attributed to the presence of the secondary metabolites identified by dereplication.

Psidium

Protocatechuic acid

IC50

10.1016/j.phyplu.2021.100028

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Health professionals� knowledge about relative prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in Delta State of Nigeria

Pan African Medical Journal (2016)

Angus Nnamdi Oli Kelechi Christian Okoli Nonye Treasure Ujam Dave Ufuoma Adje Ifeanyi Ezeobi

Introduction: hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) constitute a serious global public health challenge, causing great suffering to many people across the globe at any given time. This study ascertains the knowledge of health professionals on the challenge and their compliance with infection control measures.

10.11604/pamj.2016.24.148.9270

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Livestock and Poultry Milieus as Non-Hospital Sources of AmpC and ESBL Producers in Southeast Nigeria

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (2022)

Ejikeugwu Chika Charity Obum-Nnadi Euslar Onu Cyril Adonu Nonye Treasure Ujam

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms fail to respond to the therapeutic onslaught of antibiotics. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC enzymes are important AMR mechanisms that erode the efficacy of important antibiotics. Here, we report on the detection and susceptibility of ESBL- and AmpC-producing bacteria from livestock and poultry environments. Bacteriological and molecular biology tools were used for the isolation and characterization of bacteria. Combined

Poultry farming

10.51847/o2zuvmquko

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Biologically active secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus of Psidium guajava

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

Onyeka Chinwuba Obidiegwu Chika Christiana Abba Keziah Uchechi Ajah Nonye Treasure Ujam Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye

Psidium

10.5281/zenodo.5919629

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Fermentation, bioactivity and molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove Ceriops tagal

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity (2023)

I Putu Yogi Astara Putra KETUT SATVIKA UTAMI Junita Hardini I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta Nonye Treasure Ujam

Abstract. Putra IPYA, Utami KS, Hardini J, Wirasuta IMAG, Ujam NT, Ariantari NP. 2023. Fermentation, bioactivity and molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove Ceriops tagal. Biodiversitas 24: 3091-3098. Mangrove-associated-endophytic fungi are recognized as a considerable source of bioactive compounds in drug discovery. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceriops tagal. Four endophytic fungal isolates, documented as SU-1-4, were obtained. In addition, isolate SU-3 was further identified as Hypoxylon mangrovei according to the comparison of the internal transcribed spacer region. Each fungal isolate was fermented on a solid rice medium, then extracted with ethyl acetate at the end of fermentation. After that, the crude ethyl acetate extracts were partitioned between aqueous methanol and n-hexane, and the methanolic phases were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial and toxicity assays. Preliminary phytochemical identification suggested the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, and steroids in all fungal methanolic extracts. Among them, H. mangrovei SU-3 extract showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effects with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 125 and 250 µg.mL-1 towards Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Meanwhile, the toxicity assay employing the brine shrimp lethality test revealed that all fungal methanolic extracts were toxic, with LC50 values ranging from 173.09 to 227.76 µg.mL-1. Isolation of antibacterial compounds and evaluation of their cytotoxicity on human cancer cells will be promising for further studies.

Phytochemical

10.13057/biodiv/d240565

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Biologically active secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus of Psidium guajava

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2022)

Onyeka Chinwuba Obidiegwu Chika Christiana Abba Keziah Uchechi Ajah Nonye Treasure Ujam Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye

Endophytes possess several phytohormones and bioactive metabolites of medicinal importance and thus, continue to generate research interest as candidates in drug discovery programmes. This study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungus isolated from leaves of Psidium guajava. Endophytic fungal isolation, fungal fermentation; and extraction of secondary metabolites in ethyl acetate were carried out using standard methods. The crude extract was subjected to Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) using binary combinations of Hexane:Ethyl acetate and Dichloromethane:Methanol to obtain fourteen sub-fractions designated PG55-1 to PG55-14. The fungal crude extracts and VLC sub-fractions were screened for antimicrobial activity and were also subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis for the identification of bioactive compounds. An endophytic fungus, PG55 was isolated from the leaf of Psidium guajava. The fungal secondary metabolites showed antibacterial properties, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.0625 – 1 mg/ml. No antifungal activity was observed. HPLC-DAD analysis of the extract suggested the presence p-hydroxybenzoic acid, pentenedioic acid and palitantin in one of the fractions of PG55. Some of these compounds are known antimicrobial agents and may be responsible for the antimicrobial activities recorded for the fungal extracts. The results of this study, suggests the many potentials possessed by Nigerian plants as hosts of endophytes that could be reservoirs for excellent sources of pharmacologically active compounds.

Psidium

10.30574/gscbps.2022.18.1.0023

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Citations (2)