Australia attracts more and more international students for study in this country. This calls for investigating the role of social and intellectual interactions in the second language acquisition (SLA) among students studying in Western Universities. A review of the research literature shows ambivalence in the process of SLA in target country and the factors that contribute to SLA outcomes. This paper focuses on the author's own narratives about her language use and learning, and the processes of adjusting her identities in new academic and work communities.1 This study draws on Amartya Sen's capability approach to interpret the SLA processes to explore the author's choices for identityadjusting. This paper analyses evidence to indicate how an advanced second language learner actively draws on different choices she makes in the process of adjusting her identities in new social communities. It is argued that the amount and quality of interactional communication with native speakers, along with the learner's identity-adjusting strategy, play a significant role in the SLA in the study abroad context.
In the context of increasingly complex security challenges, accurately forecasting radar measurement indicators has become vital for improving the reliability and operational efficiency of engineering systems. However, many existing forecasting methods overlook the unique characteristics of radar test data, such as the failure to account for the consistency of the test data and influence of external factors. These limitations hinder decision-making reliability in real-world applications. In this work, an Optimized Hybrid Static-Dynamic Multivariate forecasting Network (OHSDM-Net) is introduced, which operates in two main stages: first, dynamic segmentation is framed as an optimisation problem, and second, a hybrid CNN-transformer forecasting model that integrates static and dynamic data. For the dynamic data, the trend and periodic components are disentangled and fed into channel-independent cross-attention and channel-dependent self-attention blocks, respectively. Experimental validation on a synthetic dataset and radar detection data demonstrates significant reductions in MSE and MAE, underscoring the model's effectiveness in delivering accurate and robust predictions. The proposed method provides a practical solution for improving decision-making reliability and operational robustness in critical radar engineering applications.
A prediction model was constructed to estimate the variations of DO in the reservoir and the downstream of the dam associated with the sediment flushing. Based on the investigation of the sediment flushing in case of Dashidaira dam located in Kurobegawa-river, it is assumed that DO decrease is caused by Fe (II) oxidation, which have been reduced in the bottom sediment.To estimate quantitatively the influence of accumulating duration on DO decrease, the model describing the transport and transform process of DO, Fe (II) and Fe (III) was incorporated into the one-dimensional sediment movement model. The validity of the present model is verified by the comparison of predicted results with the measured ones of the sediment flushing operations carried out at the dam on 1994 and 1999.
Background: Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) is an emerging novel anti-cancer treatment based on the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the lesion site following the interaction between low-dose X-ray and a photosensitizer (PS) drug. For a classical RDT, scintillator nanomaterials loaded with traditional PSs are generally involved to generate singlet oxygen (1O2). However, this scintillator-mediated strategy generally suffers from insufficient energy transfer efficiency and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, and finally severely impedes the efficacy of RDT. Methods: Gold nanoclusters were irradiated by low dose of X-ray (called RDT) to investigate the production of ROS, killing efficiency of cell level and living body level, antitumor immune mechanism and biosafety. Results: A novel dihydrolipoic acid coated gold nanoclusters (AuNC@DHLA) RDT, without additional scintillator or photosensitizer assisted, has been developed. In contrast to scintillator-mediated strategy, AuNC@DHLA can directly absorb the X-ray and exhibit excellent radiodynamic performance. More importantly, the radiodynamic mechanism of AuNC@DHLA involves electron-transfer mode resulting in O2-• and HO•, and excess ROS has been generated even under hypoxic conditions. Highly efficient in vivo treatment of solid tumors had been achieved via only single drug administration and low-dose X-ray radiation. Interestingly, enhanced antitumor immune response was involved, which could be effective against tumor recurrence or metastasis. Negligible systemic toxicity was also observed as a consequence of the ultra-small size of AuNC@DHLA and rapid clearance from body after effective treatment. Conclusions: Highly efficient in vivo treatment of solid tumors had been achieved, enhanced antitumor immune response and negligible systemic toxicity were observed. Our developed strategy will further promote the cancer therapeutic efficiency under low dose X-ray radiation and hypoxic conditions, and bring hope for clinical cancer treatment.
Aiming at the complicated structure and the lower reliability of the traditional electro hydraulic CVT ratio control system,a CVT ratio optimal control system is designed.The generally proportion valve is replaced with the PWM high speed on-off valve,and a mathematical model of PWM valve is built taking the magnetic characteristics of the valve into consideration.Then the CVT ratio control system is simplified to build a mathematical model of control cylinder for PWM valve.By applying optimal controls parameter of quadratic form theory of the discrete system,an optimal controller is designed.The simulation experiments for starting up and accelerating and decelerating are made under Matlab,which results show that the steady and the dynamic characteristics of the designed CVT ratio optimal control system are good with safeguarding of the effective track of the real ratio to the object ratio.
To investigate the effects of nano-sized carbon as a dispersed phase on blood compatibility of polyurethanes.A novel nanoscale polymeric composite film was prepared by dispersing nano-sized carbon fiber (vapor growth carbon fiber) into the polyurethane solutions. The surface blood compatibilities of the composites were analyzed and evaluated through platelet adhesion measurement using epifluorescent video microscopy and the variation of fibrinogen and free hemoglobin concentration in the blood contacting the composite respectively.It was showed that the platelet adhesions were highly suppressed on the composite surfaces pre-adsorbed or non-pre-adsorbed with fibrinogen. The changes of the concentration for both free hemoglobin and fibrinogen in the blood contacting the composite surface in the circulations were less than the ones contacting the reference surface.Introducing nano-sized carbon into the polyurethane matrix showed an improvement of antithrombogenicity for the polyurethane materials. It might be a new promising way to develop biomaterials with good blood compatibility.
Purpose This study aims to focus on the surface mount technology (SMT) mass production process of Sn-9Zn-2.5Bi-1.5In solder. It explores it with some components that will provide theoretical support for the industrial SMT application of Sn-Zn solder. Design/methodology/approach This study evaluates the properties of solder pastes and selects a more appropriate reflow parameter by comparing the microstructure of solder joints with different reflow soldering profile parameters. The aim is to provide an economical and reliable process for SMT production in the industry. Findings Solder paste wettability and solder ball testing in a nitrogen environment with an oxygen content of 3,000 ppm meet the requirements of industrial production. The printing performance of the solder paste is good and can achieve a printing rate of 100–160 mm/s. When soldering with a traditional stepped reflow soldering profile, air bubbles are generated on the surface of the solder joint, and there are many voids and defects in the solder joint. A linear reflow soldering profile reduces the residence time below the melting point of the solder paste (approximately 110 s). This reduces the time the zinc is oxidized, reducing solder joint defects. The joint strength of tin-zinc joints soldered with the optimized reflow parameters is close to that of Sn-58Bi and SAC305, with high joint strength. Originality/value This study attempts to industrialize the application of Sn-Zn solder and solves the problem that Sn-Zn solder paste is prone to be oxidized in the application and obtains the SMT process parameters suitable for Sn-9Zn-2.5Bi-1.5In solder.
In this work, we extracted proteins from white quinoa cultivated in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet plateau using the method of alkaline solubilization and acid precipitation, aiming to decipher how extraction pH (7-11) influenced extractability, purity and recovery rate, composition, multi-length scale structure, and gelling properties of quinoa protein isolate (QPI). The results showed that protein extractability increased from 39 to 58% with the increment of pH from 7 to 11 whereas protein purity decreased from 89 to 82%. At pH 7-11, extraction suspensions and QPI showed the similar major bands in SDS-PAGE with more minor ones (e.g., protein fractions at > 55 or 25-37 kDa) in suspensions. Extraction pH had limited effect on the secondary structure of QPI. In contrast, the higher-order structures of QPI were significantly affected, e.g., (1) emission maximum wavelength of intrinsic fluorescence increased with extraction pH; (2) surface hydrophobicity and the absolute value of zeta-potential increased with increasing extraction pH from 7 to 9, and then markedly decreased; (3) the particle size decreased to the lowest value at pH 9 and then increased to the highest value at pH 11; and (4) denaturation temperature of QPI had a large decrease with increasing extraction pH from 7/8 to 9/10. Besides, heat-set QPI gels were formed by loosely-connected protein aggregates, which were strengthened with increasing extraction pH. This study would provide fundamental data for industrial production of quinoa protein with desired quality.
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