S Chinn

Imperial College London

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Roberto J. Rona

Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda

Peter Burney

Imperial College London

Deborah Jarvis

Imperial College London

Christina Luczynska

King's College London

Jordi Sunyer

Pompeu Fabra University

Martin Gulliford

King's College London

Cecilie Svanes

University of Bergen

Christer Janson

Uppsala University

Joachim Heinrich

LMU Klinikum

Bénédicte Leynaert

Inserm

Cooperative Institutions

St Thomas' Hospital

King's College London

University College London

St. Thomas Hospital

Guy's Hospital

Astrophysique Relativiste, Théories, Expériences, Métrologie, Instrumentation, Signaux

University of London

Medical Research Council

Pompeu Fabra University

Inserm

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Measuring atopy in a multi-centre epidemiological study

European Journal of Epidemiology (1996)

S Chinn Deborah Jarvis Christina Luczynska Eric T C Lai Peter Burney

Atopy

Cut-off

10.1007/bf00145501

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Citations (52)

Patterns of intra-cluster correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (2004)

Geoffrey G. Adams Martin Gulliford Obioha C. Ukoumunne Sandra Eldridge S Chinn

Interquartile range

10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.013

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Citations (515)

The assessment of methods of measurement

Statistics in Medicine (1990)

S Chinn

Abstract Criteria are given for the choice of scale prior to estimation of repeatability. Recommendations of Bland and Altman should then be used for expressing repeatability and agreement of methods of measurement on the same scale. Repeatability of measurements on different scales should be compared using the appropriate ratio of variances, or intraclass correlation coefficient. A reference range for diagnosis requires a high ratio of between‐subject variation to total variation. The index of separation between diseased and healthy subjects should be used whenever possible. Changes within patients should be compared with reference change ranges, and not against the diagnostic range.

Repeatability

Coefficient of variation

10.1002/sim.4780090402

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Citations (157)

Statistics in respiratory medicine. 1. Ranges, confidence intervals, and related quantities: what they are and when to use them.

Thorax (1991)

S Chinn

Respiratory Medicine

10.1136/thx.46.5.391

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Citations (14)

Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994

Archives of Disease in Childhood (1997)

J. Margaret Hughes L Li S Chinn Roberto J. Rona

AIM

To monitor the growth of 5 to 11 year old English and Scottish children from 1972 to 1994. No similar data are available from any other study.

DESIGN

Mixed longitudinal.

SUBJECTS

In England 7000 children were sampled in the first year, falling to 5000. In Scotland the original sample was 2000 but this was enlarged later to 3500.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS

Height, weight, weight for height index, and triceps skinfold thickness.

RESULTS

Height of English children in most age groups increased by more than 1 cm and by more than 2 cm in Scotland during the period 1972 to 1994. Triceps skinfold measurement increased by almost 8% in 7 year old English boys and by 7% in 7 year old girls. In Scotland triceps skinfold measurement increased by nearly 10% in 7 year old boys and by 11% in 7 year old girls. Weight for height index followed a similar pattern.

CONCLUSION

Children in England and Scotland are becoming taller for a given age. The increases in fatness indicate an urgent need for realistic interventions for reductions in obesity in the whole population. As weight for height index is less sensitive than skinfold thickness we recommend triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness measurements for monitoring obesity in children.

Skinfold thickness

New england

10.1136/adc.76.3.182

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Citations (134)

MENARCHEAL AGE IN NORTHUMBERLAND

Acta Paediatrica (1975)

D. F. Roberts M. J. DANSKIN S Chinn

A second survey of age at menarche in north-east England, how it is affected by family environment and how it affects physique, was carried out in 1960-70 on a large sample of schoolgirls in the suburbs of Newcastle. Age at menarche shows no independent effect of social class or of position in sibship, but is strongly influenced by the size of family in which a girl grows up. Menarche is associated with pronounced increments in height and weight, in the presence of which no consistent effects of variables of the family environment on physique can be clearly identified. The results are very similar to those from the first study in South Shields, County Durham.

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1975.tb03935.x

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Citations (45)

Bronchial Responsiveness in Atopic Adults Increases with Exposure to Cat Allergen

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

S Chinn Joachim Heinrich Josep M. Antó Christer Janson Dan Norbäck

The association of asthma with sensitization and allergen exposure is known to be complex. There have been few studies of bronchial responsiveness in relation to both risk factors in adults.To determine the relation of bronchial responsiveness to allergen exposure and IgE sensitization in a community study taking into account the major determinants of bronchial responsiveness in adulthood.Cross-sectional data were drawn from 1,884 participants in 20 centers in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey follow-up, which included measurement of house dust mite and cat allergen in mattress dust samples, and IgE sensitization to four allergens. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was expressed as a continuous variable, and analyzed by multiple regression.The trend toward greater bronchial responsiveness with increasing exposure to cat allergen was greater in those sensitized to any of the four allergens than those not sensitized (p = 0.001); there was no significant interaction between cat sensitization and Fel d 1 exposure. No trend was found with house dust mite allergen exposure. The difference in bronchial responsiveness between those exposed to the highest levels compared with the lowest was approximately -2.02 doubling doses of PD20 (95% confidence interval, -3.06 to -0.97), and nearly as great in those exposed to more moderate levels.Cat allergen exposure at moderate levels may be harmful to all atopic adults. The clinical implication is that it is insufficient to test patients with asthma for cat sensitization; all atopic individuals may benefit from reduced cat exposure.

Methacholine

10.1164/rccm.200612-1840oc

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Citations (39)

Statistical summary of 10,000 male cases using Afrodex in treatment of impotence.

PubMed (1971)

Rachel Margolis Paula Prieto Lester Stein S Chinn

Source

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Citations (38)

Changes in the timing of lung ventilation and late foetal development in quail

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Physiology (1971)

Margaret A. Vince John Green S Chinn

10.1016/0300-9629(71)90199-x

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Citations (11)

Height and age adjustment for cross sectional studies of lung function in children aged 6-11 years.

Thorax (1992)

S Chinn Roberto J. Rona

BACKGROUND: No standard exists for the adjustment of lung function for height and age in children. Multiple regression should not be used on untransformed data because, for example, forced expiratory volume (FEV1), though normally distributed for height, age, and sex, has increasing standard deviation. A solution to the conflict is proposed. METHODS: Spirometry on representative samples of children aged 6.5 to 11.99 years in primary schools in England. After exclusion of children who did not provide two repeatable blows 910 white English boys and 722 girls had data on FEV1 and height. Means and standard deviations of FEV1 divided by height were plotted to determine whether logarithmic transformation of FEV1 was appropriate. Multiple regression was used to give predicted FEV1 for height and age on the transformed scale; back transformation gave predicted values in litres. Other lung function measures were analysed, and data on inner city children, children from ethnic minority groups, and Scottish children were described. RESULTS: After logarithmic (ln) transformation of FEV1 standard deviation was constant. The ratios of actual and predicted values of FEV1 were normally distributed in boys and girls. From the means and standard deviations of these distributions, and the predicted values, centiles and standard deviation scores can be calculated. CONCLUSION: The method described is valid because the assumption of stable variance for multiple regression was satisfied on the log scale and the variation of ratios of actual to predicted values on the original scale was well described by a normal distribution. The adoption of the method will lead to uniformity and greater ease of comparison of research findings.

Cross-sectional study

10.1136/thx.47.9.707

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Citations (73)