Raw and modified bentonite has been used to develop effective sorbents to remove phosphate from aqueous solution. Acid thermoactivation, Rewoquate, Irasoft, calcium, Fe and Al were employed to treat the bentonite. Results show that samples adsorption capacity for phosphate is in the order of, unmodified bentonite = acid thermoactivation < Rewoquate < calcium ≅ Irasoft < Fe < Al ≅ Fe-Al. The phosphate adsorption with Fe-Al-bentonite (FAB) modification was more than 99% and the phosphate removal reached the peak value in the initial 30 min. The phosphate adsorption of FAB was pH independent in the range of 2–10. The common coexisting ions in wastewater have no effect on the phosphate adsorption. The phosphate adsorption results were very well fitted in the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 8.33 mg P/g at pH 6.5 for 1 hour, which was better than similar modified bentonite with low time and Fe-Al consumption. FAB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared. Therefore, the results confirm that FAB is a selective phosphate sorbent and environmentally friendly for its potential application for phosphate removal from wastewater.
Here, in this paper, magnetic nickel-ferrite oxide nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO) was successfully prepared to employ as an efficient electrocatalyst for the electrochemical detection of furazolidone, an antibiotic and antibacterial drug. The NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO was characterized by different analytical methods, including FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. In addition, the morphology of NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO was monitored using microscopic images of TEM and FE-SEM. NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The differential pulse voltammetric studies represented that the NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO-GCE was more sensitive compared to rGO-GCE and unmodified GCE towards furazolidone detection. This electrochemical sensor was linearly related to furazolidone concentration in two linear ranges of 0.1-10.0 μmol L -1 and 10.0-150.0 μmol L -1 . However, the performance of this furazolidone sensor was quantitatively limited by the detection limit of 0.05 μmol L -1 . To evaluate its selectivity, some common ions and other relevant species can interfere in the result of furazolidone sensor was investigated. This study, in addition to real sample analysis, represented that the suggested electrochemical sensor was practically selective and sensitive towards furazoldone. The determined value by the suggested sensor was in the related confidence interval accepted for the definite one.
Abstract The synergistic effect between metal ions and increasing the surface area leads to the fabrication of supercapacitor materials with high capacity. It is predicted that transition metal selenide compounds will be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the defects of poor conductivity and volume expansion of the compounds are fundamental problems that must be solved. In this work, we successfully synthesized the cobalt-nickel selenide nitrogen-doped carbon (H-CoNiSe 2 /NC) hollow polyhedral composite structure using ZIF-67 as a precursor. The CoSe 2 and NiSe 2 nanoparticles embedded in the NC polyhedral framework offer a wealth of active sites for the whole electrode. Moreover, the presence of the NC structure in the proposed composite can simultaneously lead to improved conductivity and reduce the volume effect created during the cycling procedure. The H-CoNiSe 2 /NC electrodes provide high specific capacity (1131 C/g at 1.0 A/g) and outstanding cyclic stability (91.4% retention after 3000 cycles). In addition, the H-CoNiSe 2 /NC//AC hybrid supercapacitors deliver ultrahigh energy density and power density (81.9 Wh/kg at 900 W/kg) and excellent cycle stability (93.5% of initial capacity after 3000 cycles). This study will provide a supercapacitor electrode material with a high specific capacity for energy storage devices.
Abstract In this study, a highly sensitive PVC–membrane sensor based on 4‐methoxyphenylcyanamide (4‐MeOpcyd) as a neutral carrier was prepared and the specific interaction between Gd 3+ ions and ionophore at the surface of selective polymeric membrane was calculated using the PM6/SPARKLE semiempirical method. The results of the Mopac2009 calculations show selective complexation of Gd 3+ by 4‐MeOpcyd ligand that correlate quite well with experimental data. This membrane sensor has a linear response in the range of 1.0×10 −6 –1.0×10 −2 M Gd 3+ with detection limit of 6.2×10 −7 M. This electrode was applied in potentiometric titration for determination of gadolinium and also for fluoride ions in the mouthwash samples with satisfactory results.