India is in a state of transition epidemiological, economic, and demographic and nutrition transition. And all these transitions are leading to non communicable diseases like obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. The study was aimed to estimate the Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults of rural Uttrakhand. It is a cross sectional community based study. Survey was conducted in rural areas of Uttrakhand, to make a sample size of 300 adults (18-45yr), using WHO STEPS questionnaire. Waist Circumference, Blood pressure, Body Mass Index of the participants was calculated. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. In the sample population based on systolic BP, 61.3% were non-hypertensive, 29.7% were pre-hypertensive and 9% were hypertensive. Based on diastolic BP, 43.3% were non-hypertensive, 32.7% were pre-hypertensive and 24% were hypertensive. Subjects with hypertension and pre-hypertension have higher BMI and waist circumference. A high prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was depicted in rural areas of Uttrakhand region.4.8% of the female participants had systolic high blood pressure compared to the 11.9% of the male participants. On the other hand, 21.8% of the female participants had diastolic high blood pressure compared to the over 25% of the male participants.
Objective: The objective is to study the prevalence of obesity and overweight in three zones of sub-Himalayan Region and its corelation with the dietary intake.Methods: A survey was conducted in three zones of Uttrakhand (Dehradun, Rudraprayag, and Uttarkashi), India, representing the urban, semi-urban, and rural village population (18–45 years) of the state. For the study, 100 adults were selected from each of the 3 zones, respectively, to make a total sample size of 300 adults using purposive random sampling.Results: The high prevalence obesity and overweight occur among urban zone (Dehradun), followed by semi-urban zone, Rudraprayag, district of Uttrakhand. In Dehradun, 6.1% of males and 29.4% of females were obese, whereas 62.1% males and 58.8% of females were overweight. In Rudraprayag, 13.6% of males and 14.6% of females were obese, whereas 35.6% of males and 39% of females were overweight. In rural zone (Uttarkashi), there were no cases of obesity among both males and females.Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of obesity was depicted in the urban zone of Uttrakhand region. Urbanization seems to have a positive significant impact on the prevalence of obesity with women being at greater risk.
Aim: The major aim of this review is to assess the nutrition transition in Uttrakhand toward, to its contribution to the emerging epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases. Subjects: The review examines the basic shift in eating preferences mainly attributable to shift in agriculture practices after the green revolution and urbanisation. Furthermore, the remarkable shift in the occupation structure in the state from farmers towards employment and services implies a reduction in energy expenditure. One consequence of nutrition transition has been decline in under nutrition accompanied by over nutrition leading to obesity and other NCD’s.It basically attempting to relate the diet and lifestyle changes accompanying NCDs. Methods: The review is based largely on various reliable documented data on population characteristics. The information is based on various review and documented report and data of the published literature. Results: The results shows that the demographic changes, rates of urbanization and changes in dietary patterns are contributing factors that are leading to nutrition transitions and NCDs in hills. The major consequence of nutrition transition has been the decline in the rate of under nutrition accompanied by over nutrition leading to obesity and other degenerative diseases. Conclusions: There are clear evidences of a demographic, epidemiological and nutrition transition in Uttrakhand. There is no single solution to the problem. A multidisciplinary approach is required to solve the present problem related to food and nutrition.
Objective: India is in the affirmed phase of evolution and transition, demographic, economic, epidemiological, and nutrition transition. Moreover, all these transitions are leading non-communicable diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and its association with vital statics of adults among urban, semiurban, rural areas of Sub-Himalayan Region.Methods: A cross sectional community based study was done, using WHO step questionnaire. A survey was conducted in urban, semi urban, Rural areas of Uttrakhand, to make a sample size of 300 adults (18-45yr), 100 from each zone. Blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) of the participants was calculated. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the sample population based on systolic BP, 61.3% were non-hypertensives, 29.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 9% were hypertensives. Based on diastolic BP, 43.3% were non-hypertensives, 32.7% were pre-hypertensives, and 24% were hypertensives. Participants with hypertension and pre-hypertension have higher BMI and waist circumference.Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of pre-hypertension and hypertension was depicted in urban, semiurban, and rural areas of the sub-Himalayan region. 4.8% of the female participants had systolic high blood pressure compared to the 11.9% of the male participants. On the other hand, 21.8% of the female participants had diastolic high blood pressure compared to the over 25% of the male participants. Dehradun has the highest rates of high blood pressure while Rudraprayag has the lowest. BMI was significantly correlated with systolic BP in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Diastolic BP was significantly positively correlated with age and BMI in Dehradun adults (p<0.05). Age was positively significantly correlated with pulse rate in Dehradun and Uttarkashi adults (p<0.05). In Rudraprayag adults, weight was significantly positively correlated with both systolic and diastolic BP (p<0.05). No other correlations were seen in anthropometry and vital statistics of Rudraprayag or Uttarkashi adults (p>0.05).
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