The partial component consensus in mean‐square for delayed nonlinear multi‐agent systems (NMASs) with uncertain nonhomogeneous Markov switching (UNMS) topologies subjected to aperiodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) cyber‐attacks is investigated. Firstly, the partial component ( ‐dimensional) consensus of the system ( ‐dimensional, ) is considered in this paper. When , the partial component consensus degrades into identical consensus. Secondly, the communication topologies governed by uncertain nonhomogeneous Markov chains are random. Thirdly, the communication topologies suffer from aperiodic DoS cyber‐attacks. Then, in view of stochastic analysis technology, distributed control theory and Lyapunov stability theory, the partial component consensus conditions are obtained using permutation matrix and inequality scaling skills. Eventually, the correctness of the results is verified through an example.
Sugarcane smut, a serious disease caused by the fungus Sporosorium scitamineum, can result in 30% to 100% cane loss. The most affordable and efficient measure of preventing and handling sugarcane smut disease is to select disease-resistant varieties. A comprehensive evaluation of disease resistance based on the incidence of smut disease is essential during the selection process, necessitating the rapid and accurate identification of sugarcane smut. Traditional identification methods, which rely on visual observation of symptoms, are time-consuming, costly, and inefficient. To address these limitations, we present the lightweight sugarcane smut detection model (YOLOv5s-ECCW), which incorporates several innovative features. Specifically, the EfficientNetV2 is incorporated into the YOLOv5 network to achieve model compression while maintaining high detection accuracy. The convolutional block attention mechanism (CBAM) is added to the backbone network to improve its feature extraction capability and suppress irrelevant information. The C3STR module is used to replace the C3 module, enhancing the ability to capture global large targets. The WIoU loss function is used in place of the CIoU one to improve the bounding box regression’s accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOv5s-ECCW model achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 97.8% with only 4.9 G FLOPs and 3.25 M parameters. Compared with the original YOLOv5, our improvements include a 0.2% increase in mAP, a 54% reduction in parameters, and a 70.3% decrease in computational requirements. The proposed model outperforms YOLOv4, SSD, YOLOv5, and YOLOv8 in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and model size. The YOLOv5s-ECCW model meets the urgent need for the accurate real-time identification of sugarcane smut, supporting better disease management and selection of resistant varieties.
As a mature and effective off-line detection method of winding faults inside the transformer, the sweep frequency impedance (SFI) method is widely utilized in this field. In SFI test, the other windings, especially the short-circuited secondary winding, are present, and therefore ambiguity arises when diagnosing winding faults that any windings may contain the faulty parts. However, few of the current papers relevant to SFI method study focus on this important issue. In this paper, based on PSPICE software, simulation research is carried out to study the effect of faults that occurred within different windings on SFI curves. At first, a complete three-phase three-winding lumped parameter network based on a transformer with YNynD11 connection is established, and the high to medium SFI curve of the network is computed. Afterwards, based on the complete three-phase three-winding model, the variation trend of SFI curves when short-circuit faults occur on different windings is studied and the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between different SFI curves is calculated. In this way, the influence of short-circuit faults within different windings on SFI curves is analyzed. The simulation results indicate that the SFI curve shows obvious change with lowest PCC value when the tested winding sustains short-circuit fault than that when failure occurs on other windings, which implied that SFI method is merely sensitive to detect the failures on the tested winding.
In view of the technical characteristics of different energy storage technologies,a system structure and control mode of hybrid energy storage system(HESS)for AC application suitable for large-scale application is adopted.The high-pass filter is used for HESS to rationally distribute power instructions between two energy storages.To optimize the system integral adjustment ability,a strategy of supercapacitor condition adjustment is proposed based on the charging/discharging status of lithium-ion battery.The coordination control of over-charge protection,over-discharge protection and maximum power limit protection between two energy storages are discussed in detail.The results of PSCAD simulation examples show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
To solve the electricity and water consumption problems,a techno-economic research on wind-solar-diesel-storage isolated microgrid is made based on the engineering practice on Dongfushan Island.The paper focuses on the technology selection,optimal design and operation parameters optimization of the energy storage system in the Dongfushan stand-alone microgrid.By considering the technical,economic,security and maturity aspects,the option of improved valve-regulated lead-acid battery is chosen as the best solution for currently available technologies of energy storage.In the energy storage optimization configuration,multi-objective design is made with minimizing the operation time of diesel generator,maximizing the utilization of renewable energy,and maximizing the lifetime of the energy storage system as the optimization objectives.As for the selection of the energy storage system's operation parameters,by referring to the coordinated operation control strategy,the terminal voltage of battery banks is adopted as the standard to do the mode control,mode switch and storage system protection.The operation parameters are optimally selected to ensure that the microgrid operates orderly,efficiently and reliably.The actual operation analysis demonstrates the practicability and effectiveness of the research method.
The analysis and application of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) in small-scale standalone microgrids for remote area power supply (RAPS) has received extensive attention. This application mode has its own characteristics which must be considered but have not been considered in the existing research. To reflect the common satisfaction of load demands and maximize the utilization of renewable energy in a standalone microgrid, a new index named effective rate of energy storage system (ESS) is proposed. To reflect the true work state of supercapacitor ESS (SC-ESS), the second-level data of field measurements is used in calculation and analysis. To further enhance the operational performance of the HESS, a coordinated control strategy based on state cooperation is adopted. To get a more reasonable and more credible HESS optimization model, the comparison of existing models and proposed model with different considerations on cost and life is provided. In addition, a comparative analysis of technical and economic characteristics improvements is presented for different ESS application schemes in practical projects.