Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important edible oilseed crop grown in the world after soybean and groundnut. It is one of the fastest growing oilseed crops in India. It is an important source of edible and nutritious oil. This crop has gained importance due to its short duration of maturity, containing excellent quality oil, wide adaptability in different agroclimatic regions, different kinds of cropping patterns and drought tolerance. It is grown as inter crop with groundnut, pigeon pea, castor, soybean and urd bean. Since it is a photoinsensitive crop and grown throughout the year. Sunflower is cultivated on area about 0.72 million hectares with a production 0.50 million tons and with 692 kg/ha (Anonymous, 2012).
Children and teenagers with a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) after a prior diagnosis of an atypical spitzoid melanocytic tumor (ASMT) are usually cared for clinically in the same way as patients with melanoma. Little is known about long-term follow-up of these individuals to determine whether this practice is appropriate. To learn more about the biology of these tumors we retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathologic findings of children and teenagers (<18 y of age at the time of diagnosis) with an ASMT, positive SLN and follow-up of at least 3 years. Their findings were compared with histologically unambiguous melanomas of children or teenagers, who had a positive SLN or died of metastatic melanoma. Eleven individuals, 6 girls and 5 boys, with primary ASMT and positive SLN were identified. The primary tumors ranged in thickness from 2.1 to 12 mm (median, 4.6 mm; mean, 5 mm). The tumor mitotic rate ranged from 1 to 10 mitoses/mm2 (median, 3/mm2, median, 3/mm2). The positive SLNs included 6 nodes with intranodal melanocytic aggregates measuring <1 mm in greatest dimension, and 5 nodes, in which the size of the melanocyte deposits was ≥1 mm. All the patients with ASMT and positive SLN remained free of disease with a median follow-up of 47 months (mean, 61 mo, range: 36 to 132 mo). In contrast, 2 of 5 patients <18 years of age with a histologically unambiguous melanoma and a positive SLN died of metastatic melanoma. The overall disease-specific mortality rate for all patients <18 years of age diagnosed with melanoma was 12%. Our findings confirm that children and teenagers with ASMTs and positive SLNs have a less aggressive clinical course than those with histologically unambiguous melanoma.
Non-melanoma malignancies are not uncommon in patients with melanoma. This study sought to determine the incidence of lymphoma in patients with melanoma compared with the general population, and to characterise their clinical and pathological features.Patients diagnosed with melanoma and lymphoma between January 1992 and December 2007 were identified from the databases of Melanoma Institute Australia (MIA) and the Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RPAH). The clinical histories of the patients in the MIA database and pathology reports in the RPAH archives were reviewed. The incidence risk for melanoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma was obtained from Australian Cancer Incidence and Mortality registry data.Of 18,226 patients with melanoma, 55 (0.3%) had lymphoma. Lymphoma was diagnosed subsequent to melanoma in 23 (41.8%) patients, prior to melanoma in 7 (12.7%) patients, and concurrently with melanoma in 25 (45.5%) patients. 53 (96.4%) patients developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the most common subtypes being chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (49.1%), follicular lymphoma (23.6%) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (16.4%). Two (3.6%) patients developed Hodgkin lymphoma. Melanoma patients had a significantly higher risk of developing NHL than the general population (standardised incidence rate 3.5).A small but significant proportion of patients with melanoma develop lymphoma, either synchronously or metachronously. Lymph node specimens from melanoma patients might harbour lymphoma, and might represent the first recognised site of disease. A high index of suspicion for lymphoma when evaluating lymph nodes from patients with melanoma will ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate management.
<p>PDF file - 108K, Supplemental Table 1. List of hotspot mutations screened Supplemental Table 2. List of potential mutations screened Supplemental Table 3. List of KIT sequencing primers Supplemental Table 4. Primers used to verify mutations</p>
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