Compression behaviors of two single-crystal rutile-structure dioxides, Sn02 (cassiterite) and Pb02 (plattnerite), were studied in a Merrill-Bassett type diamond cell at room temperature.The samples were compressed in a mixture of 4: 1 methanol ethenol solution with pressure measurements by the ruby scale.A four-circle diffractometer was used to obtain the diffraction patterns of these crystals at high pressures.Compression results on Sn02 did not show significant lattice distortion, with a slight increase inc/a up to 35 kbar.The compression data are in excellent agreement with Hazen and Finger (1981) and in reasonable agreement with Ming and Manghnani (1982).Fitting these data to the Birch-Mumaghan equation gives a bulk modulus (K0) of 2.24 ± 0.08 Mbar with K0'= 6.3.On the other hand, the rutile-type Pb02 was found to transform from a tetragonal to an orthorhombic phase above 5 kbar.The cell parameters a, b and c of this phase have different linear compressibility.This phase is different from the reported orthorhombic phases of lead dioxides (a-Pb02).It could represent an intermediate distorted phase which occurs during the transformation from the J3-Pb02 to the a-Pb02 phase.The bulk modulus of Pb02 was determined to be 1.34 ± 0.06 Mbar by fitting the data to the Birch-Mumaghan equation.A linear relationship was found to exist between the bulk sound velocity and mean atomic weight of the rutile-type diox ides.
Cloud computing is a phenomenal distributed computing paradigm that provides flexible, low-cost on-demand data management to businesses. However, this so-called outsourcing of computing resources causes business data security and privacy concerns. Although various methods have been proposed to deal with these concerns, none of these relates to multi-clouds. This paper presents a practical data management model in a public and private multi-cloud environment. The proposed model BFT-MCDB incorporates Shamir's Secret Sharing approach and Quantum Byzantine Agreement protocol to improve trustworthiness and security of business data storage, without compromising performance. The performance evaluation is carried out using a cloud computing simulator called CloudSim. The experimental results show significantly better performance in terms of data storage and data retrieval compared to other common cloud cryptographic based models. The performance evaluation based on CloudSim experiments demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed multi-cloud data management model.
Clinical skills education is an essential component of the teaching plan in medical science courses, such as nursing education. Simulation-based learning is an effective teaching method in any practical or vocational-based training. The development of simulation-based teaching has been impacted by the integration of emerging technologies, such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), which results in a more interactive and adaptive environment. Recently, educational data mining (EDM) has played an important role in the development of ITSs by providing different methods and techniques to predict a student's performance. Research carried out to deliver intelligent simulation-based systems for clinical skills teaching has applied several artificial intelligence techniques, however there is a lack of research that describes the use of the powerful methods and techniques available in EDM. This paper investigates and traces the technological developments of the most effective methods employed to promote learning in clinical skills education, particularly in nursing education, where skills acquisition is imperative for the provision of high quality care. To this end, we propose a conceptual model for an intelligent simulation-based learning system using a data mining agent in clinical skills education.
The use of social network sites (SNS) as learning tools has potential advantages to teaching and learning process. This study investigated the effectiveness of Facebook in teaching and learning a computer science course in a university preparatory year setting in Saudi Arabia. Based on the web log data collected, a qualitative content analysis approach is used to discuss the teaching and learning observations with reference to the four themes: Learning Motivation, Academic Communication, Collaborative Learning and Interactive Learning; abbreviated MC2I. Our findings help to effectively develop a comprehensive understanding of the learners' behaviors and the nature of the learners and lecturer interactions with respect to the above four themes. Our experimental results demonstrate that the students' positive attitude has been enhanced when utilising Facebook and Web 2.0 tools in their learning activities.
In general, databases provide a single comprehensive view suitable for analysis and relevant information for a variety of organizational purposes. The intent of this paper is to review the contemporary database design in terms of data modelling, process modelling, relational databases, and data storage. The review indicates the contemporary relational database architecture provides numerous advantages such as high consistency and availability. However, it is not suitable for big data because its performance decreases as the data grows and faces scalability constraints as it is impossible to scale horizontally, and its vertical growth is limited. An implication here is that big data requires more than a relational database and the traditional SQL.
One of the main challenges in cloud computing is to build a healthy and efficient storage for securely managing and preserving data. This means a cloud service provider needs to make sure that its clients' outsourced data are stored securely and, data queries and retrievals are executed correctly and privately. On the other hand, it may also mean businesses are willing to outsource their data to a third party only if they trust their data are not accessible and visible to the service provider and other non-authorized parties. However, one of the major obstacles faced here for ensuring data reliability and security is Byzantine faults. While Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) has received growing attention from the academic research community, the research done is generally from the distributed computing point of view, and hence finds little practical use in cloud computing. To that end, the focus of this paper is to discuss how these faults can be tolerated with the authors' proposed conceptualization of Byzantine data faults and fault-tolerant architecture in cloud data management.
One of the main challenges in cloud computing is to build a healthy and efficient storage for securely managing and preserving data. This means a cloud service provider needs to make sure that its clients' outsourced data are stored securely and, data queries and retrievals are executed correctly and privately. On the other hand, it may also mean businesses are willing to outsource their data to a third party only if they trust their data are not accessible and visible to the service provider and other non-authorized parties. However, one of the major obstacles faced here for ensuring data reliability and security is Byzantine faults. While Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) has received growing attention from the academic research community, the research done is generally from the distributed computing point of view, and hence finds little practical use in cloud computing. To that end, the focus of this paper is to discuss how these faults can be tolerated with the authors' proposed conceptualization of Byzantine data faults and fault-tolerant architecture in cloud data management.
With its multidisciplinary nature, Information Systems (IS) offers more opportunities to its researchers. However, a review of prior relevant literature may not be easy for a new IS researcher to understand many disciplines that could be involved. The keyword 'knowledge' is a case in point in that fields related to IS research can range from Information Technology (IT) to Business and Economics. This paper aims to investigate how to understand the concept of knowledge from an IT data-centric point of view and this has not been done before to the best of our knowledge. It develops a new 4D framework to analyse the outcomes collected from relevant IS literature. It also demonstrates how the end-result from the 4D analysis can be extended to understand the concept of knowledge in Business and Economics in a multidisciplinary manner.
In specific fields, such as e-training in nursing, involving computer-intensive training scenarios, there is an increased demand to deliver training services to a larger number of learners, and with it, the need for cloud services. However, to date there has been a lack of a formalized framework relating to the use of cloud computing for on-demand interactive e-training resources in nursing education. To this end, this chapter formalizes a conceptual framework for a cloud-based e-training system in nursing education. The conceptualization takes into consideration nursing e-training system requirements, with a focus on applying cloud computing technologies to ensure the dynamic scalability of virtual distributed services and computing power while maintaining QoS and security.