Characteristics of coherence for fiber laser based widely broadened super continuum are analyzed both experimentally and numerically. 1.1 - 2.2 μm wideband and highly coherent super continuum generation is confirmed for hybrid fiber system.
Abstract Die im Titel genannte Carbonsäure (Ic) cyclisiert beim Erwärmen mit Polyphosphorsäure regiospezifisch zu dem Pyrrolochinolinon (IV) und nicht zu dem isomeren Ketoester (III).
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an endogenous growth factor which is mainly produced in the liver. The functions of IGF-I can be summarized as growth-promoting and insulin-like metabolic actions. In the present study, the effect of IGF-I on bile flow and bile acid secretion was investigated in rats. In normal rats bile flow was significantly increased by single exogenous administration of IGF-I, and by 1 week treatment of IGF-I, both bile flow and bile acid secretion were significantly increased. Moreover, to further understand the relationship between IGF-I and bile acid secretion, hypophysectomized rats were next used. We found that the decreases in bile flow and bile acid secretion observed in rats after hypophysectomy, as well as the decrease in the endogenous level of IGF-I in the blood, were partially reversed by 1 week exogenous IGF-I treatment. Overall, this study showed that IGF-I stimulates choleresis associated with an elevation of bile acid secretion in both normal and hypophysectomized rats when exogenously administered, suggesting the importance of IGF-I in the stimulation of choleresis in vivo.
The previously reported3) synthesis of Cypridina luciferin (I) by condensation of etioluciferin (II) and the α-keto acidfollowed by reduction gave the yield of only 1.3% and hence it cannot be a practical method. Heating of 2-amino-5-phenylpyrazine (III) with pyruvic acid (IV) also gave an imidazopyrazinone derivative (V) but the yield was as low as 7%. As an alternative method, previously reported condensation of aminopyrazines and glyoxals1) was applied to 2-amino-5-(3-indolyl) pyrazine (VII) and methylglyoxal (VI), and its yield was 70%. This method was therefore applied to the synthesis of I. Thus, condensation of II with dl-sec-butylglyoxal (IX) gave I (racemic) in 80% yield.
This study describes the pharmacologic profile of a new Na+/H(+)-exchange inhibitor, FR183998, in anesthetized rats. FR183998 had a potent inhibitory effect on Na+/H+ exchange of rat lymphocytes with median inhibitory (IC50) value of 0.3 nM. Treatment with FR183998 (0.01-0.32 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced or completely abolished ventricular fibrillation and mortality induced by 5-min ischemia followed by reperfusion, when it was administered not only 5 min before ischemia but also 1 min before reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size induced by 30-min ischemia and 60-min reperfusion was reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner by FR183998 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) when the drug was administered preischemically or at an early phase of ischemia. The ventricular tachycardia and the ventricular fibrillation observed during the ischemic period also were suppressed significantly. These results indicate that FR183998 has a strong inhibitory effect on Na+/H+ exchange and suggest that treatment with FR183998 either before or immediately after the onset of ischemia can prevent the occurrence of arrhythmias and myocardial cell necrosis in situations of ischemia and reperfusion.
