Abstract Background Critically ill patients with obesity may have an increased risk of difficult intubation and subsequent severe hypoxemia. We hypothesized that pre-oxygenation with noninvasive ventilation before intubation as compared with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen may decrease the risk of severe hypoxemia in patients with obesity. Methods Post hoc subgroup analysis of critically ill patients with obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg·m −2 ) from a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen before intubation of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 300 mm Hg). The primary outcome was the occurrence of severe hypoxemia (pulse oximetry < 80%) during the intubation procedure. Results Among the 313 patients included in the original trial, 91 (29%) had obesity with a mean body mass index of 35 ± 5 kg·m −2 . Patients with obesity were more likely to experience an episode of severe hypoxemia during intubation procedure than patients without obesity: 34% (31/91) vs. 22% (49/222); difference, 12%; 95% CI 1 to 23%; P = 0.03. Among patients with obesity, 40 received preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation and 51 with high-flow nasal oxygen. Severe hypoxemia occurred in 15 patients (37%) with noninvasive ventilation and 16 patients (31%) with high-flow nasal oxygen (difference, 6%; 95% CI − 13 to 25%; P = 0.54). The lowest pulse oximetry values during intubation procedure were 87% [interquartile range, 77–93] with noninvasive ventilation and 86% [78–92] with high-flow nasal oxygen ( P = 0.98). After multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with severe hypoxemia in patients with obesity were intubation difficulty scale > 5 points and respiratory primary failure as reason for admission. Conclusions Patients with obesity and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure had an increased risk of severe hypoxemia during intubation procedure as compared to patients without obesity. However, preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation may not reduce this risk compared with high-flow nasal oxygen. Trial registration Clinical trial number: NCT02668458 ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov )
Objectives. – Analyzing the literature and elaborating recommendations on the following topics: relevance of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions, surgical treatment for posttraumatic syringomyelia, other therapeutic approaches (peripheral nerve root pain, nerve trunk pain and Sign
Le diagnostic de douleurs pelvi-périnéales en rapport avec une atteinte des nerfs somatiques est avant tout clinique. La topographie de la douleur, ses caracté-ristiques (brûlures, paresthésies) permettront de la rattacher au territoire neurologique impliqué. Les examens complémentaires sont relativement peu contributifs. Deux grands systèmes prennent en charge cette région: les racines sacrées d’où naissent le nerf pudendal et le nerf cutané postérieur de la cuisse; les racines thoracolombaires d’où naissent les nerfs ilio-inguinal, ilio-hypogastrique, génito-fémoral et obturateur. Le premier système est avant tout périnéal, le deuxième avant tout inguino-périnéal antérieur. La névralgie pudendale est la douleur la plus fréquente et la plus invalidante, elle est évoquée devant une douleur uni-ou bilatérale du périnée antérieur ou postérieur, à type de brûlure, aggravée en position assise, soulagée debout et sans douleur nocturne. Elle est en rapport avec un mécanisme de compression nerveuse d’origine ligamentaire. Elle relève de traitements médicaux, par infiltration ou d’une libération chirurgicale. La névralgie clunéale inférieure est une douleur plutôt ischiatique et latéro-périnéale, elle s’accompagne parfois d’une atteinte dans un territoire sciatique tronqué, ces projections correspondent au nerf cutané postérieur de la cuisse, l’atteinte peut être en rapport avec un syndrome du muscle piriforme ou avec une pathologie ischiatique. Les atteintes des racines sacrées ne prennent pas un caractère aigu, elles s’accompagnent d’hypoesthésie sacrée et de troubles urinaires, anorectaux ou sexuels. Les douleurs des nerfs ilio-inguinaux, ilio-hypogastriques et génito-fémoraux sont en général le fait de traumatismes chirurgicaux avec des cicatrices pariétales. Si elles sont parfois difficiles à différencier les unes des autres, l’important est de penser à réaliser un bloc anesthésique local sur le point gâchette retrouvé au niveau de la cicatrice. Les douleurs projetées d’origine rachidienne par dérangement interverté-bral mineur thoraco-lombaires se projettent au niveau inguinal, du pubis, de la grande lèvre et parfois du trochanter, elles ne s’expriment que par leurs projections douloureuses et ce n’est que l’examen clinique de principe, centré sur la région thoraco-lombaire qui trouvera des signes locaux (douleurs étagées des articulaires postérieures, cellulalgie).
The death rate in intensive care units (ICUs) can reach 20%. More than half occurs after a decision of care withholding/withdrawal. We aimed at describing and evaluating the experience of ICU physicians and nurses involved in the end-of-life (EOL) procedure. Primary objective was the evaluation of the experience of EOL assessed by the CAESAR questionnaire. Secondary objectives were to describe factors associated with a low or high score and to examine the association between Numeric Analogic Scale and quality of EOL.Consecutive adult patients deceased in 52 ICUs were included between April and June 2018. Characteristics of patients and caregivers, therapeutics and care involved after withdrawal were recorded. CAESAR score included 15 items, rated from 1 (traumatic experience) to 5 (comforting experience). The sum was rated from 15 to 75 (the highest, the best experience). Numeric Analogic Scale was rated from 0 (worst EOL) to 10 (optimal EOL).Five hundred and ten patients were included, 403 underwent decision of care withholding/withdrawal, and among them 362 underwent effective care withdrawal. Among the 510 patients, mean CAESAR score was 55/75 (± 6) for nurses and 62/75 (± 5) for physicians (P < 0.001). Mean Numeric Analogic Scale was 8 (± 2) for nurses and 8 (± 2) for physicians (P = 0.06). CAESAR score and Numeric Analogic Scale were significantly but weakly correlated. They were significantly higher for both nurses and physicians if the patient died after a decision of withholding/withdrawal. In multivariable analysis, among the 362 patients with effective care withdrawal, disagreement on the intensity of life support between caregivers, non-invasive ventilation and monitoring and blood tests the day of death were associated with lower score for nurses. For physicians, cardiopulmonary resuscitation the day of death was associated with lower score in multivariable analysis.Experience of EOL was better in patients with withholding/withdrawal decision as compared to those without. Our results suggest that improvement of nurses' participation in the end-of-life process, as well as less invasive care, would probably improve the experience of EOL for both nurses and physicians. Registration: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03392857.
