We present a study on selection of a psychometric scale to be clinically used among Indigenous people with depression. Our aim was to select a psychometric tool for cultural adaptation with Mohawk and Inuit in Quebec. We selected three depression scales and three protective factor scales based on: strong validity for psychometric properties, evidence for good psychometric qualities across translations, avoidance of cognitively complex sentences, brevity, and clarity. We submitted the scales for consultation, and followed qualitative participatory methods with Mohawks of Kahnawake and Inuit from Nunavik living in an urban environment. We collected data through ten focus groups with advisory committees, and carried out a thematic analysis of the information. The advisory groups considered the measurement scales to be unsafe. The major components that hindered their acceptance were: numeric rating, self-evaluation (versus supportive interaction), and a focus on symptoms rather than supportive factors. The participants preferred the Growth and Empowerment Measure due to its empowering approach. They voiced that it is necessary to develop a culturally sensitive and safe tool which facilitates interactions between the person and the practitioner. This project provides valuable information about the perspectives of local Indigenous peoples regarding mental health and factors of empowerment and resilience. The ideal tool should be flexible in terms of the content and its use as compared to the conventional psychometric strategies. A tool developed with the Indigenous perspective on wellbeing could be used in psychological and psychiatric intervention as well as in social and community services.
Lunn offers brief comments on the dichotomy faced by Canada's Amerindian artists and recent curatorial attempts addressing Native art. Includes statements by the 27 Southern Canada artists in the exhibition, as well as biographical notes.
Indigenous peoples of Québec, such as the Inuit and Kanien'kehá:ka, have been exposed to traumatic experiences similar to other Indigenous groups all over the world. These populations were impacted by dispossession, disempowerment, and colonization histories. They acknowledge a need to heal from the past, the socio-economic disadvantages, and health inequalities they have endured. Despite the difficulties experienced by these populations, they have their own longstanding traditions of healing and resilience which are expressed through stories, ceremonies, and local languages. The resilience of the Inuit has been widely recognized, especially with regard to their ability to adapt to the difficult physical environment of the Arctic. We present the results of a multidisciplinary project conducted in collaboration with members of two Indigenous communities and their supporters in Québec. Through qualitative and participatory research methods, we have collected and analyzed the perspectives and narratives of people who work in community and mental health settings with regard to instruments for measuring, improving and treating mental health. This project is an example of building bridges between members and groups of Indigenous communities, academics and institutions.
We present a cultural adaptation of the Growth and Empowerment Measure (GEM) from the Kanien'keha:ka people of Quebec (Canada). Our aim was to develop a culturally competent and safe tool to assess and promote well-being among this population. We followed a qualitative, collaborative, and participatory method that sought to benefit Indigenous participants and communities, while honouring their culture and philosophies. Twelve adults from health and community services of Kahnawa:ke participated in total five focus group meetings. We carried out a thematic analysis of the data collected through an advisory group that led a revision of the cultural and conceptual relevance of the tool and its content. The group integrated socio-culturally relevant elements and restructured the tool so that it reflected local well-being factors and showed its versatility of being an assessment tool and therapeutic support. A narrative and empowerement-driven approach, culturally based intervention, cultural safety and flexibility when using the instrument were considered successful strategies to improve wellness. This project provides valuable information about the perspectives of local Indigenous communities regarding mental health and factors of empowerment. Mutual understanding and integration of psychological and traditional knowledge can create a beneficial program to improve emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical well-being for the local population. It remains to be tested whether the Kanien'keha:ka Growth and Empowerment Measure (K-GEM) is clinically useful in psychological and psychiatric intervention, and social and community services.
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