Nicole Schmitz

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Co-Authors

R. Jaumann

Freie Universität Berlin

Jens Biele

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

H. Michaelis

Planet

Katharina A. Otto

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Tra‐Mi Ho

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

M. Grott

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

F. Trauthan

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Alexander Koncz

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Stephan Ulamec

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Tatsuaki Okada

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Cooperative Institutions

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

218

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

185

Planetary Science Institute

132

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

131

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

125

California Institute of Technology

123

Institute of Space and Astronautical Science

121

Center for Rheumatology

104

The University of Tokyo

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Influenza A Vaccine Based on the Extracellular Domain of M2: Weak Protection Mediated via Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Activity

The Journal of Immunology (2004)

Andrea Jegerlehner Nicole Schmitz Tazio Storni Martin F. Bachmann

Vaccination of mice with a peptide corresponding to the extracellular part of M2 protein coupled to the immunodominant domain of hepatitis B core can protect mice from a lethal challenge with influenza A virus. As the extracellular part of M2 protein is highly conserved in all known human influenza A strains, such a vaccine may protect against all human influenza A strains, which would represent a major advantage over current vaccine strategies. The present study demonstrates that protection is mediated exclusively by Abs, a very important feature of a successful preventive vaccine. However, these Abs neither bind efficiently to the free virus nor neutralize virus infection, but bind to M2 protein expressed on the surface of virus-infected cells. The presence of NK cells is important for protection, whereas complement is not, supposing that protection is mediated via Ab-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The absence of neutralizing Abs results in much weaker protection than that achieved by vaccination with UV-inactivated influenza virus. Specifically, whereas neutralizing Abs completely eliminate signs of disease even at high viral challenge doses, M2-specific Abs cannot prevent infection, but merely reduce disease at low challenge doses. M2-specific Abs fail to protect from high challenge doses, as vaccinated mice undergo lethal infection under these conditions. In conclusion, protection mediated by M2-hepatitis B core vaccine would be insufficient during the yearly epidemics, for which full protection is desirable, and overall is clearly inferior to protection achieved by immunization with classical inactivated viral preparations.

Inactivated vaccine

10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5598

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Citations (384)

The Camera of the MASCOT Asteroid Lander on Board Hayabusa 2

Space Science Reviews (2016)

R. Jaumann Nicole Schmitz Alexander Koncz H. Michaelis Stefan Schroeder

Orbiter

Regolith

10.1007/s11214-016-0263-2

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Citations (50)

IL‐4Rα signaling is important for CD8⁺ T cell cytotoxicity in the absence of CD4⁺ T cell help

European Journal of Immunology (2005)

Benjamin J. Marsland Nicole Schmitz Manfred Köpf

Abstract Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells are key mediators of viral clearance during primary infection through their production of IFN‐γ and lysis of virally infected cells. Comparatively, the cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 are typically associated with the development of Th2 immune responses against allergens and parasites, while their influence on cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses is controversial. We have investigated the roles of IL‐4 and IL‐13 in the development of CD8 + T cell responses against influenza infection. We show that in the absence of either IL‐4 or IL‐13, CD8 + T cells proliferated and a normal secondary cytotoxic response developed in vitro . In striking contrast, the absence of IL‐4Rα resulted in impaired ex vivo proliferation and consequently no secondary CTL activity, whereas the in vivo response appeared normal. We show that the presence of CD4 + T cell help, or the addition of exogenous IL‐2 in vitro , restored the response. Taken together, this work reveals previously unrecognized in vivo redundancies between IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐2 during immune responses against influenza virus.

CTL*

10.1002/eji.200425768

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Citations (17)

GNARALOO BAY: STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS AT THE APEX OF A MARTIAN FLUVIO-DELTAIC SYSTEM AT JEZERO CRATER, MARS

Robert W. Barnes Sanjeev Gupta Alexander J. Jones B. Horgan Brad Garzcynski

Source

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Die ROBEX-ASN Studie – Geophysik auf dem Mond

A. Czeluschke Martin Knapmeyer F. Sohl Nicole Schmitz

Source

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Instruments Operations, Science and Innovation in Expedition Support: EuroMoonMars-Etna campaign 202

Hannah Reilly Bernard Foing Gary Brady Chirayu Mohan Kevin McGrath

An expedition EMM-Etna to simulate the Lunar and Martian volcanic and soil environment will be carried out at Mount.Etna’s Cratere del Laghetto in Sicily, near Catania Italy by the EuroMoonMars TUDublin and LEAPS ExoMars groups. This scouting campaign intends to train in using instruments to be used on MoonMars landers and rovers, with a perspective of ARCHES DLR telerobotics campaign to be conducted in June 2022, and in preparation for ExoMars rover instruments (PANCAM, CLUPI and spectrometers) science and operations.   Figure 1: Lunar Lander and REMMI Rover for Sample AnalysisThe aim of this EMM-Etna expedition is to investigate and analyse the terrain with the use of different scientific instruments. The topography of the landscape will be photographed using a 360° panoramic camera and drone; it will be processed, and a 3D model developed. The terrain will also be investigated using the REMMI Rover, the abilities of the rover to operate and transport equipment will be monitored. This will further develop the knowledge available of the terrain and help future expeditions to identify different landmarks. The use of a Radio Jove Antenna will permit the team to monitor transmissions from both the Sun and Jupiter. This will allow different cosmic events or changes in the celestial objects to be studied and explored. On site a selection of different samples will also be collected and examined using the REMMI Rover. An Ocean Optics UV-Vis-NIR spectrometer will a be operated  in order to evaluate the existence of biological compounds and substances within these samples and in the area itself. It is key to understand the molecular makeup of one’s surroundings when in an unknown environment. By analysing samples collected, spectroscopy can be used to identify and determine a diagnostic for each substance. This process will be monitored by a Logitech camera to ensure it is carried put correctly. A selection of photographs will be captured of each sample using a portable optical microscope. This will allow an in-depth analysis of the microscopic structure of each collected sample. The use of all of the instruments mentioned above is key in the investigation and research into the Moon and Martian-like volcanic environment that is Mount Etna.We would also like to thank Prof I. Pagano's team from the University of Catania and Dr A.Wedler's team from DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt for their support in organising this expedition.

Extraterrestrial Life

Scientific instrument

Jupiter (rocket family)

10.5194/epsc2021-848

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MASCOT—A Mobile Lander On-board the Hayabusa2 Spacecraft—Operations on Ryugu

Springer aerospace technology (2022)

C. Krause Ulrich Auster Jean‐Pierre Bibring Jens Biele Céline Cenac-Morthe

Mascot

10.1007/978-3-030-94628-9_25

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Versatile Virus-Like Particle Carrier for Epitope Based Vaccines

PLoS ONE (2010)

Alain C. Tissot Regīna Renhofa Nicole Schmitz Indulis Cielēns E. Meijerink

Recombinant proteins and in particular single domains or peptides are often poorly immunogenic unless conjugated to a carrier protein. Virus-like-particles are a very efficient means to confer high immunogenicity to antigens. We report here the development of virus-like-particles (VLPs) derived from the RNA bacteriophage AP205 for epitope-based vaccines.Peptides of angiotensin II, S.typhi outer membrane protein (D2), CXCR4 receptor, HIV1 Nef, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Influenza A M2-protein were fused to either N- or C-terminus of AP205 coat protein. The A205-peptide fusions assembled into VLPs, and peptides displayed on the VLP were highly immunogenic in mice. GnRH fused to the C-terminus of AP205 induced a strong antibody response that inhibited GnRH function in vivo. Exposure of the M2-protein peptide at the N-terminus of AP205 resulted in a strong M2-specific antibody response upon immunization, protecting 100% of mice from a lethal influenza infection.AP205 VLPs are therefore a very efficient and new vaccine system, suitable for complex and long epitopes, of up to at least 55 amino acid residues in length. AP205 VLPs confer a high immunogenicity to displayed epitopes, as shown by inhibition of endogenous GnRH and protective immunity against influenza infection.

Virus-like particle

10.1371/journal.pone.0009809

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Citations (185)

Neuigkeiten für die klinische Praxis

Oncology Research and Treatment (1985)

S. Seeber W. Gaßmann Nicole Schmitz P. Meusers H. Heidemann

10.1159/000215611

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Supporting Mars exploration: BIOMEX in Low Earth Orbit and further astrobiological studies on the Moon using Raman and PanCam technology

Planetary and Space Science (2012)