Kirtika Kohli

Indian Institute of Petroleum

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Ravindra Prajapati

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

S.K. Maity

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Brajendra K. Sharma

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

M. Sau

Indian Oil Corporation (India)

S.M. Al–Salem

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Raghuvir Singh

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Deependra Tripathi

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Sevim Z. Erhan

United States Department of Agriculture

Vedant A. Joshi

Indian Institute of Petroleum

P. Krishnamurthy

Geological Survey of India

Cooperative Institutions

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

ExxonMobil (United States)

Agricultural Research Service

University College London

Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research

Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

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Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a Potential Solvent for Light Cycle Oil Valorization: Detailed Compositional Study of the Extraction Products

Kirtika Kohli Prasenjit Ghosh Vedant A. Joshi Pooja Yadav Deependra Tripathi

Light cycle oil is a low-quality and low-marketable by-product of a fluidized catalytic cracker (FCC) in a typical petroleum refinery and contains valuable aromatic components (mainly diaromatics). The present work investigates the extraction of these aromatic components from LCO using solvents such as nitromethane, n-formyl morpholine, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The experimental work indicated that dimethyl sulfoxide showed better results in terms of high aromatic distribution coefficient and diaromatics recovery. Because of its better performance and lesser toxicity compared to conventional solvents like n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide is an ideal candidate solvent for the solvent extraction process.Further, the extraction parameters optimization (varying solvent to feedstock ratio and extraction temperature) was also performed with dimethyl sulfoxide solvent with actual light cycle oil feedstock obtained from a refinery. The raffinate and extract products were characterized using different techniques such as Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for detailed hydrocarbon compositional analysis. GC-MS characterization results of extract hydrocarbons showed the presence of naphthalene derivatives (mainly 1-methylnaphthalene and 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene). Therefore, the aromatic rich extract product obtained after the extraction experiments can be further used as a valuable precursor feed stream in a hydrocarbon industry.

Light crude oil

10.2139/ssrn.4348082

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Colloidal stability tests on vacuum residue hydrocracked products obtained at increasing severity

International Journal of Oil Gas and Coal Technology (2019)

S.K. Maity Ravindra Prajapati Nivedita Singh Kirtika Kohli

Stability of the thermally hydrocracked products has been investigated by measuring different parameters such as colloidal instability index (CII), Stankiewicz plot (SP), qualitative-quantitative analysis (QQA), stability cross plots (SCP), spot tests, merit number and separability number (SN). Each parameter is measured in the products obtained from two vacuum residues having different asphaltene content. The stability of the hydrocracked product is different for the different parameters. But in general, the products obtained at lower and higher temperature are stable by most of the parameters. Spot test and separability number gives the similar results. Interestingly, it is found that the product obtained at 420°C from low asphaltene content feed is unstable by all above said stability parameters whereas the product (at 420°C) from high asphaltene content feed is stable, indicating that the stability of a hydrocracked product depends not only on the asphaltene content of a feed but also the nature of other components such as aromatic and resin. It is also observed that CII and SP parameters which are calculated from SARA fractions also predict colloidal stability with good agreement. [Received: November 24, 2016; Accepted: April 2, 2017]

Asphaltene

Residue (chemistry)

Thermal Stability

10.1504/ijogct.2019.10020964

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Citations (1)

Recovery and Recycling of Polymeric and Plastic Materials

Composites science and technology (2021)

Ravindra Prajapati Kirtika Kohli S.K. Maity Brajendra K. Sharma

The use of plastic materials is increasing worldwide because of their durability, cost-effectiveness, and light weight. This uncontrolled usage of plastic materials is creating severe disposal and environmental problems. This chapter includes recent and conventional practices for the recovery and recycling of plastic wastes. Brief classifications on the origin of plastic waste, such as thermoplastic, thermosetting, and elastomers, are specified. The sorting of plastic wastes plays a significant role in the overall performance of any recycling method. Various direct and indirect sorting methods are discussed along with their features and limitations. Recycling methods of plastic wastes are mainly classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Detailed literature analysis including the advantages and technical challenges of each recycling method is discussed. A comprehensive investigation of the literature showed that new and innovative recycling approaches for plastic waste, particularly the scientific and technical inventions in tertiary recycling, present problems that impact their practicality in the industrial and manufacturing sectors. Currently, the recycling of highly contaminated plastic wastes from medical and e-waste are creating new challenges for the recovery and recycling sectors.

Plastic Waste

Plastic bag

Thermoplastic elastomer

10.1007/978-981-16-3627-1_2

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Citations (12)

Slurry Phase Catalysts for Bio-Oil Upgradation

Brajendra K. Sharma Kirtika Kohli

Source

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Citations (0)

Coking propensity during hydroprocessing of vacuum residues, deasphalted oils, and asphaltenes

Fuel (2017)

Ravindra Prajapati Kirtika Kohli S.K. Maity M. O. Garg

Asphaltene

Residue (chemistry)

Fluid catalytic cracking

Delayed coker

Coker unit

Refinery

Fuel oil

10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.126

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Citations (30)

Natural Oils as Lubricants

CRC Press eBooks (2020)

Joseph M. Perez Leslie R. Rudnick Sevim Z. Erhan Brajendra K. Sharma Kirtika Kohli

The demand for biodegradable lubricants is the result of a growing concern for the impact of our technology on the environment. This chapter addresses the lubricating properties and performance of vegetable oils, that is, the triglycerides directly obtained from the plant and the fatty acids directly obtained from the triglycerides. Natural oils are predominantly triacyl glycerols, commonly called triglycerides. The addition of nanoparticles to conventional lubricant was also reported for the study of tribological properties of vegetable-based lubricants. Biodegradability is an important characteristic for the majority of chemical industry products and it represents a way of measuring the risk level of decomposition presented by these products when deployed to the environment. The lubricant industry is in a constant state of change. Lubricants are continuously being developed with better properties for specific applications and at the same time some lubricant formulations are finding wider application than that for which they might have been originally designed.

10.1201/9781315158150-23

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Plastic Solid Waste (PSW) in the Context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Sustainable Management

Environmental Management (2019)

А. Л. Антелава Spyridon Damilos Sanaa Hafeez George Manos S.M. Al–Salem

Over the past few decades, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been established as a critical tool for the evaluation of the environmental burdens of chemical processes and materials cycles. The increasing amount of plastic solid waste (PSW) in landfills has raised serious concern worldwide for the most effective treatment. Thermochemical post-treatment processes, such as pyrolysis, seem to be the most appropriate method to treat this type of waste in an effective manner. This is because such processes lead to the production of useful chemicals, or hydrocarbon oil of high calorific value (i.e. bio-oil in the case of pyrolysis). LCA appears to be the most appropriate tool for the process design from an environmental context. However, addressed limitations including initial assumptions, functional unit and system boundaries, as well as lack of regional database and exclusion of socio-economic aspects, may hinder the final decision. This review aims to address the benefits of pyrolysis as a method for PSW treatment and raise the limitations and gaps of conducted research via an environmental standpoint.

10.1007/s00267-019-01178-3

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Citations (172)

Slurry phase hydrocracking of heavy oil and residue to produce lighter fuels: An experimental review

Fuel (2020)

Ravindra Prajapati Kirtika Kohli S.K. Maity

Ultra-low-sulfur diesel

10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119686

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Citations (82)

Deactivation of hydrotreating catalyst by metals in resin and asphaltene parts of heavy oil and residues

Fuel (2016)

Kirtika Kohli Ravindra Prajapati S.K. Maity M. Sau M.O. Garg

Asphaltene

Fuel oil

10.1016/j.fuel.2016.02.036

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Citations (76)

Effect of Silica, Activated Carbon, and Alumina Supports on NiMo Catalysts for Residue Upgrading

Energies (2020)

Kirtika Kohli Ravindra Prajapati S.K. Maity Brajendra K. Sharma

The effect of different supports such as silica (SBA-15), activated carbon (AC), and mesoporous alumina (Al2O3) on catalytic activities of hydrotreating nickel molybdenum (NiMo) catalysts was demonstrated for upgrading vacuum residue. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis showed that SBA-15 and the AC-supported NiMo catalyst possessed a very high surface area compared to the alumina-supported catalyst. However, NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst possesses a higher pore diameter and pore volume with an appropriate surface area. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that active metals were dispersed in the catalytic supports. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the presence of type II active MoS2 sites in the NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst, which showed weak metal-support interactions having a high intrinsic activity. Catalyst activities such as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodemetallization (HDM) and asphaltene conversion (HDAs), and hydrocracking conversions of a vacuum residue were evaluated. The highest hydrotreating and hydrocracking conversions were observed with the NiMo catalyst supported on mesoporous alumina. The results also supported that the catalyst that has a large pore diameter, high pore volume, and better active metals dispersion is highly desirable for the upgrading of a vacuum residue.

Sulfidation

Residue (chemistry)

Specific surface area

Asphaltene

MCM-41

10.3390/en13184967

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Citations (11)