Elisabeth Huber‐Sannwald

Institute for Scientific and Technological Research

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Yude Pan

US Forest Service

Trenton W. J. Garner

Zoological Society of London

Bruce G. Marcot

Pacific Northwest Research Station

Claudio Gratton

University of Wisconsin–Madison

John C. Stella

SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry

Andrew O. Finley

Michigan State University

David Schimel

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jill S. Baron

United States Geological Survey

ÉE

Éva E. Plagányi

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Carolyn Hull Sieg

Rocky Mountain Research Station

Cooperative Institutions

Ecological Society of America

590

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

575

Rocky Mountain Research Station

Rocky Mountain Research (United States)

United States Geological Survey

Instituto de Ecología

Institute for Scientific and Technological Research

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

University of Wisconsin–Madison

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

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Richness and density of grassland bird species assessed by two methods

Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales (2011)

César Posadas-Leal Leonardo Chapa‐Vargas J. T. Arredondo Elisabeth Huber‐Sannwald

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What is a biocrust? A refined, contemporary definition for a broadening research community

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (2022)

Bettina Weber Jayne Belnap Burkhard Büdel Anita Antoninka Nichole N. Barger

Studies of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) have proliferated over the last few decades. The biocrust literature has broadened, with more studies assessing and describing the function of a variety of biocrust communities in a broad range of biomes and habitats and across a large spectrum of disciplines, and also by the incorporation of biocrusts into global perspectives and biogeochemical models. As the number of biocrust researchers increases, along with the scope of soil communities defined as 'biocrust', it is worth asking whether we all share a clear, universal, and fully articulated definition of what constitutes a biocrust. In this review, we synthesize the literature with the views of new and experienced biocrust researchers, to provide a refined and fully elaborated definition of biocrusts. In doing so, we illustrate the ecological relevance and ecosystem services provided by them. We demonstrate that biocrusts are defined by four distinct elements: physical structure, functional characteristics, habitat, and taxonomic composition. We describe outgroups, which have some, but not all, of the characteristics necessary to be fully consistent with our definition and thus would not be considered biocrusts. We also summarize the wide variety of different types of communities that fall under our definition of biocrusts, in the process of highlighting their global distribution. Finally, we suggest the universal use of the Belnap, Büdel & Lange definition, with minor modifications: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) result from an intimate association between soil particles and differing proportions of photoautotrophic (e.g. cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes) and heterotrophic (e.g. bacteria, fungi, archaea) organisms, which live within, or immediately on top of, the uppermost millimetres of soil. Soil particles are aggregated through the presence and activity of these often extremotolerant biota that desiccate regularly, and the resultant living crust covers the surface of the ground as a coherent layer. With this detailed definition of biocrusts, illustrating their ecological functions and widespread distribution, we hope to stimulate interest in biocrust research and inform various stakeholders (e.g. land managers, land users) on their overall importance to ecosystem and Earth system functioning.

Biome

10.1111/brv.12862

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Effects of Nutrient Patches and Root Systems on the Clonal Plasticity of a Rhizomatous Grass

Ecology (1998)

Elisabeth Huber‐Sannwald David A. Pyke Martyn M. Caldwell Susan L. Durham

Clonal plant foraging has been examined primarily on individual clones exposed to resource-poor and resource-rich environments. We designed an experiment to examine the clonal foraging behavior of the rhizomatous grass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus under the influence of neighboring plant root systems in a heterogeneous nutrient environment. Individual Elymus clones were planted in large bins together with one of three neighboring grass species, Agropyron desertorum, Pseudoroegneria spicata, or Bromus tectorum, which differ in rooting density and growth activity. The position of Elymus clones was manipulated so rhizomes encountered a short-duration nutrient patch and subsequently root systems of the neighboring plants. Unexpectedly, the morphological plasticity of the perennial grass Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus was influenced by the presence of the neighboring species much more than by the local nutrient enrichments, although nutrient patches did amplify some of the foraging responses. Elymus rhizomes branched readily and initiated large daughter plants as they encountered the low-density root systems of Pseudoroegneria. When Elymus encountered the fine, dense root systems of the annual Bromus, clonal expansion was initially reduced. Yet, after the short growing season of Bromus, Elymus resumed clonal expansion and produced several daughter plants. Elymus clones were most constrained by the fine, dense root systems of Agropyron desertorum. In this case, a few, long rhizomes avoided the densely rooted soil environment by growing aboveground as stolons crossing over the Agropyron tussocks. Elymus clonal biomass was largest in neighborhoods of Pseudoroegneria, intermediate in neighborhoods with Bromus, and smallest in neighborhoods with Agropyron. The latter were approximately half the size of those in the Pseudoroegneria environments. Elymus growth could not be explained by simple resource competition alone; other mechanisms must have been involved in the apparent differences in interference patterns of neighboring plants with Elymus.

Elymus

Bromus

Agropyron

Tussock

10.2307/176821

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ESA Governing Board Fall 2023 Meeting Minutes Washington, DC and Zoom Meeting 8 – 9 November 2023

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America (2024)

Shahid Naeem Sharon K. Collinge Stephanie E. Hampton Emilio M. Bruna Diane E. Pataki

10.1002/bes2.2124

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Issue Information

Ecological Applications (2018)

David Schimel Jill S. Baron Timothy E. Essington Andrew O. Finley Erik J. Nelson

The face of reproductive success: a Canada lynx kitten

10.1002/eap.1757

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Differences in plant cover and species composition of semiarid grassland communities of Central Mexico and its effects on net ecosystem exchange

Josué Delgado‐Balbuena J. T. Arredondo Henry W. Loescher Elisabeth Huber‐Sannwald Griselda Chávez-Aguilar

Abstract. Changes in land use across the semiarid grasslands of Northern Mexico have driven a decline of plant cover and alteration of plant species composition. A number of different plant communities have resulted from these changes, however, their implications on the carbon cycle and regional carbon balance are still poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of plant cover loss and changes in species composition on net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and their biotic and abiotic controls. Five typical plant community types were examined in the semiarid grassland by encasing the entire above-ground ecosystem using the geodesic dome method. Sites included an oat crop (crop), a moderately grazed grassland (moderate grazing), a 28 yr-old grazing exclosure (exclosure), an overgrazed site with low perennial grass cover (overgrazed), and an overgrazed site presenting shrub encroachment (shrub encroachment). For natural vegetation, rates of daytime NEE for sites with a high plant cover (exclosure and moderate grazing) were similar (P>0.05) as compared to sites with low plant cover (overgrazed and shrub encroachment). However, night time NEE (carbon loss) was more than double (P<0.05) for sites with high plant cover compared to sites with low cover, resulting into slight C sinks for the low plant cover sites and neutral or sources for the high plant cover sites on an annual basis. Differences in plant cover and its associated biomass defined the sensitivity to environmental controls. Thus, daytime NEE in low plant cover sites reached light compensation points at lower PPFD values than those from high plant cover sites. Differences in species composition did not influence NEE rates even though there were transient or permanent changes in C3 vs. C4 functional groups.

Exclosure

Plant cover

Overgrazing

10.5194/bgd-9-17099-2012

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Citations (2)

Effect of management on species richness of grasslands: sward-scale processes lead to large-scale patterns.

Multi-function grasslands: quality forages, animal products and landscapes. Proceedings of the 19th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation, La Rochelle, France, 27-30 May 2002. (2002)

Tomáš Herben Elisabeth Huber‐Sannwald J. L. Durand J. C. Emile C. Huyghe

Lead (geology)

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