An overview of the wind energy utilization problems is presented. Wind speed maps of Turkey for each month are drawn separately, based on previous records extending over twenty to thirty years. Possibilities of wind energy utilization in Turkey are discussed. 5 refs.
This paper will present the results of recent measurements of noncondensable release from an open-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) system in a direct-contact condensation configuration. These measurements are the first of their nature to be performed on a prototype OC-OTEC power system using actual sea water and can be used to predict noncondensable release rates for future OC-OTEC power plant designs. An in-line Leybold-Inficon Quadrex 100 Residual Gas Analyzer (Mass Spectrometer) system was used to measure noncondensable partial pressures at the exhaust of the direct-contact condenser (DCC) from which the extent of outgassing of both the cold and warm water feed streams were derived. Reported data predict nearly 100% outgassing of the noncondensables in the cold water stream and approximately 70-75% outgassing of the noncondensables in the warm water stream. A breakdown of the relative contribution of each noncondensable gas is included.
Abstract Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology with the potential to provide baseload power to island communities in tropical regions. Large volumes of warm and cold water are required to drive the electricity-producing cycle. This creates a risk, particularly at the warm water intake, for the impingement and entrainment of organisms. This paper provides an update on the progress of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Energy that seeks to estimate the potential impacts of a warm water intake being considered for a potential OTEC project in Kauai, Hawaii. A 9-month, site-specific biological field sampling program has recently been completed at the OTEC site under consideration in Kauai.The intent of the field sampling program was to generate a baseline characterization of the species and life stages of ichthyoplankton present in the areas where the warm water intake may be located for the potential OTEC facility. This baseline characterization data will aid in the siting, selection, and design of the best intake technology for the warm water intake. It will also provide data useful for estimating the potential impacts of an intake at this location on the organisms present.
ABSTRACT Seawater district cooling (SDC), and the similar lake source district cooling (LSDC), is a technology which is beginning to make a significant impact on energy conservation as a viable alternative to conventional central air conditioning systems. The principles of SDC can be implemented in any region of the world with a sufficient cold water resource located in close proximity to a dense central air conditioning load. SDC systems have been developed in all climates and locales ranging from Stockholm, Sweden, to Kona, Hawaii. Implementation of SDC principles in the design, development, or conversion of central air conditioning systems has proven to save in excess of 85 percent of the energy typically required for conventional air conditioning. With escalating and volatile energy prices, SDC systems provide a sustainable and reliable means of stabilizing energy costs for the air conditioning component of a building or facility's energy budget.
Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a marine renewable energy technology with the potential to contribute significantly to the baseload power needs of tropical island communities and remote U.S. military installations. As with other renewable energy technologies, however, there are potential challenges to its commercialization: technological, financial, social, and environmental. Given the large volumes of seawater required to drive the electricity-producing cycle, there is potential for the intakes to negatively impact the marine resources of the source waterbody through the impingement and entrainment of marine organisms. The goal of this project was to identify feasible warm water intake designs for a land-based OTEC facility proposed for development in Port Allen, Kauai and to characterize the populations of ichthyoplankton near the proposed warm water intake location that could be at risk of entrainment. The specific objectives of this project were to: • Complete a site-specific assessment of available and feasible warm water intake technologies to determine the best intake designs for minimizing impacts to aquatic organisms at the proposed land-based OTEC site in Port Allen, Kauai. • Complete a field sampling program to collect biological data to characterize the baseline populations of ichthyoplankton near the sites being considered for the warm water intake at the proposed land-based OTEC site in Port Allen, Kauai. Various intake design options are presented with the focus on providing adequate environmental protection to the local ichthyoplankton population while providing an economically viable intake option to the OTEC developer. Further definition by NOAA and other environmental regulators is required to further refine the designs presented to meet all US regulations for future OTEC development.
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