Adrian S. Seymour

Operation Wallacea

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Diego Jordano

University of Córdoba

Stephen Harris

Pennsylvania State University

Andrew P. Jennings

Instituto Pró-Carnívoros

David J. Smith

University of Essex

Jessica Haapkylä

James Cook University

David Gutiérrez

Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Andreas Wilting

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research

G. B. Wilson

University of Minnesota

Lucy Bhageerutty

Mauritian Wildlife Foundation

J. Trebilco

University of Tasmania

Cooperative Institutions

University of Bristol

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité

École Pratique des Hautes Études

Sorbonne Université

Mauritian Wildlife Foundation

University of Córdoba

Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research

Operation Wallacea

National Centre for Biological Sciences

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HABITAT DISTRIBUTION MODELS: ARE MUTUALIST DISTRIBUTIONS GOOD PREDICTORS OF THEIR ASSOCIATES?

Ecological Applications (2005)

David Gutiérrez Pilar Fernández Adrian S. Seymour Diego Jordano

Because of time and resource limitations, extensive studies of distributions at fine resolutions over entire landscapes are not viable, and distribution maps must be delineated using static habitat models. In cases where short life cycles and time limitations prevent the collection of detailed abundance and distributional data to generate habitat models for target species, one potential alternative is to use models of the abundance or occurrence of closely associated species (e.g., prey, host plant, mutualist) to predict the abundance or occurrence of the target species. We present a predictive model for the habitat of the butterfly Plebejus argus in scrubland in a protected area in southern Spain (Doñana National Park), based on the distribution of its mutualist ant Lasius niger, field habitat data, and topographical variables from a digital elevation model. The frequency of nests of L. niger was by far the major predictor of P. argus abundance and presence–absence. In turn, high L. niger frequency was associated with low elevations, presence of heathland vegetation, and intermediate latitudes within the site, reflecting the depth of the water table. L. niger frequency predicted by models from 50 calibration 100-m grid squares was significantly correlated with observed frequencies in 30 independent evaluation squares. Observed P. argus abundance in the same evaluation sites was more closely correlated with predicted L. niger frequency alone than with predicted P. argus abundances from a model including L. niger and additional topographical variables. In contrast, P. argus presence– absence was better predicted by models containing topographic variables as well as L. niger frequency, although it was also closely related with predicted L. niger frequency alone. Thus, our study shows how to use modeled species distributions to predict those of their associates. We further suggest that the models could be used to assess the potential effects of the declining water table depth and the resulting habitat changes on P. argus distribution and abundance in Doñana.

Argus

Shrubland

10.1890/03-5344

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Citations (48)

Hatching Synchrony, Green Branch Collecting, and Prey Use by Nesting Harpy Eagles (Harpia harpyja)

The Wilson Journal of Ornithology (2010)

Adrian S. Seymour Graham Hatherley Francisco Javier Contreras James Aldred Fergus Beeley

We observed an occupied Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) nest over three separate periods in eastern Venezuela. Both eggs in the clutch hatched on the same day, and two nestlings competed in the nest for 14 days before one succumbed. The female adult collected green branches 45 times over 60 days of observation. Green branch deliveries were positively associated with prey deliveries and our observations best support the ‘nest sanitation by covering prey’ hypothesis for the adaptive significance of green branch collecting. Prey delivery rate to the nest averaged one delivery every 2.4, 2.1, and 3.7 days in the three observation periods. Three-toed sloths (Bradypus tridactylus) and wedge-capped capuchins (Cebus olivaceus) were the most common prey items brought to the nest.

Bird egg

Avian clutch size

10.1676/10-060.1

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Citations (8)

Coral disease prevalence and coral health in the Wakatobi Marine Park, south-east Sulawesi, Indonesia

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (2007)

Jessica Haapkylä Adrian S. Seymour J. Trebilco David J. Smith

This is the first study on coral diseases in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP), south-east Sulawesi. It aimed to provide baseline knowledge of coral disease prevalence and coral health in this remote region. Results indicate a low disease prevalence of 0.57% with only two known diseases occurring within the sampling unit, white syndrome (0.42%) and tumours (0.15%). They affected 15 taxonomic groups from a total of 32 taxonomic groups. The presence of black-band disease (BBD), skeletal eroding band (SEB) disease and Porites ulcerative white spot disease (PUWSD) was identified outside the study area. A large number of corals were affected by previously undescribed conditions (9.7% of colonies). The impact of lesions named as green spot, green band, pigmented spot, and flatworm infestation is not known and represents an important area for future studies.

Porites

10.1017/s0025315407055828

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Citations (101)

Mechanisms underlying the failure of an attempt to eradicate the invasive Asian musk shrew Suncus murinus from an island nature reserve

Biological Conservation (2005)

Adrian S. Seymour Karen Varnham Sugoto Roy Stephen Harris Lucy Bhageerutty

Suncus

Shrew

Insectivora

Trap (plumbing)

Camera trap

10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.005

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Citations (21)

Dispersal of the lycaenid Plebejus argus in response to patches of its mutualist ant Lasius niger

Oikos (2003)

Adrian S. Seymour David Gutiérrez Diego Jordano

We examined the movement rates of individuals of an obligate myrmecophilous butterfly, Plebejus argus (Lycaenidae: Lepidoptera), in relation to a patch of its mutualist ant, Lasius niger . Marked male and female P. argus from local (resident), fragmented and continuous populations were released into and away from (>100m) a patch of L. niger , and subsequently searched for in a 500×500 m area. Recaptures of males and females from all populations were strongly associated with the target patch of mutualist ants. First day recapture displacements were significantly higher for releases away from the target patch for males, but not for females. Mutualist ant presence was shown to be more important than nectar source density in determining persistence of P. argus in release squares. There was no significant difference in displacement distances or recapture frequencies (standardised for search effort) in the target patch of individuals from local (resident of target patch), fragmented and continuous populations. The recapture frequency in the target patch of males from the local population released outside the target patch was greater than expected from a null model of random straight line movement, suggesting non‐random (systematic or orientated) search behaviour. The number of males remaining in the target patch following release into the target patch was greater than expected from a simple diffusion model, suggesting a behavioural response to patch boundaries or other cues related to the patch.

Lasius

Myrmecophily

Lycaenidae

Obligate

Mutualism

10.1034/j.1600-0706.2003.12331.x

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Citations (26)

Factors influencing the nesting success of LapwingsVanellus vanellusand behaviour of Red FoxVulpes vulpesin Lapwing nesting sites

Bird Study (2003)

Adrian S. Seymour Stephen N. Harris Craig Ralston Piran C. L. White

Abstract Capsule Lapwing nest predation was negatively correlated to nest density, while Lapwing alarm duration in response to foxes was positively correlated with the number of Lapwing broods present. Aims To identify factors affecting Lapwing nest predation and Red Fox search effort. Methods Lapwing nest success was monitored at four sites in 1996, seven sites in 1997 and six sites in 1998. In 1997 we mapped the position of all Lapwing nests in order to determine distances between nests, and the proximity of linear features and potential avian predator perches to each nest. From April to June 1998 we carried out 199 hours of nocturnal observations at six Lapwing nesting sites using night vision equipment. Results The risk of nest predation was significantly higher for more isolated nests. Nocturnal observations showed that of all the nocturnal predators, foxes were the most active at Lapwing nesting sites. However, fox search effort in Lapwing colonies was relatively low, averaging 57 s/ha per visit. Foxes spent significantly longer foraging near breeding Lapwings (measured as duration of alarm calls) when more broods were present. Fox search effort (s/ha per hour of observation) tended to be greater in areas of high waterbird density. Conclusion The lack of positive density-dependent nest predation, the relatively low search effort of foxes near Lapwing nesting sites and the high nest success sometimes achieved in areas with foxes all suggest that Lapwing nest predation by foxes is 'incidental'. Lapwing chicks are probably more vulnerable to predation by foxes than clutches. Keywords: Vanellus vanellusVulpes vulpesnest predationsearch behaviour

10.1080/00063650309461288

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Citations (66)

Ranging behaviour, spatial organization and activity of the Malay civet ( Viverra tangalunga ) on Buton Island, Sulawesi

Journal of Zoology (2005)

Andrew P. Jennings Adrian S. Seymour Nigel Dunstone

Abstract To compare the morphometrics and ranging behaviour of the Malay civet Viverra tangalunga on Sulawesi with published data on Malay civets on Borneo, a trapping and a radio‐telemetry study was carried out in the Kakenauwe and Lambasango Forest Reserves on Buton Island, Sulawesi. From June to September in 2001, 2002 and 2003, we obtained morphometric measurements from 32 Malay civets captured in box traps. Ten civets were radio‐collared and home‐range size, minimum daily distance travelled and diel activity patterns were estimated. The mean overall capture rate was one capture per 32 trap‐nights. Trap capture rate varied between study sites, but there was no difference in trappability between sexes. Adult male civets were heavier, had larger neck circumferences and longer hind feet than adult females. Both sexes on Buton Island were found to have significantly smaller body sizes than their counterparts on Borneo. The mean home‐range size for adult civets was 70 ha, with a mean overlap of 4.0% between ranges. The home ranges of female civets on Buton were smaller than those in logged forests on Borneo. Malay civets were most active at night from 18:00 to 07:00 h, during which the mean activity was 94%. There was no difference in the minimum distance travelled by both sexes during a 24 h period. All rest sites were situated at ground level and were associated with dense cover.

Malay

10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00023.x

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Citations (25)

The ecology of nest predation by red foxes Vulpes vulpes

Adrian S. Seymour

Source

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Citations (4)

The distribution of the Malay civet <italic>Viverra tangalunga</italic> (Carnivora: Viverridae) across Southeast Asia: natural or human-mediated dispersal?

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2014)

Géraldine Veron Maraike Willsch V DaCosta Marie‐Lilith Patou Adrian S. Seymour

The Malay civet Viverra tangalunga Gray, 1832 is a fairly large viverrid that has a wide distribution in both the Sundaic and Wallacea regions of Southeast Asia. We investigated the genetic diversity of V. tangalunga by analysing the mitochondrial DNA of 81 individuals throughout its range in order to elucidate the evolutionary history of this species and to test the hypotheses of natural dispersal and/or potential human introductions to some islands and regions. Our phylogenetic analyses revealed that V. tangalunga has a low matrilinear genetic diversity and is poorly structured geographically. Borneo is likely to have served as the ancestral population source from which animals dispersed during the Pleistocene. Viverra tangalunga could have naturally dispersed to Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Belitung, and also to several other Sunda Islands (Bangka, Lingga, and Bintang in the Rhio Archipelago), and to Palawan, although there is possible evidence that humans introduced V. tangalunga to the latter islands. Our results strongly suggested that V. tangalunga was transported by humans across Wallace's Line to Sulawesi and the Moluccas, but also to the Philippines and the Natuna Islands. Our study has shown that human-mediated dispersal can be an important factor in understanding the distribution of some species in this region.

Archipelago

Malay

10.1111/zoj12110

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Citations (17)

Association of Waminoa sp. (Acoela) with corals in the Wakatobi Marine Park, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia

Marine Biology (2009)

Jessica Haapkylä Adrian S. Seymour Orit Barneah Itzchak Brickner Sebastian Hennige

Zooxanthellae

Porites

Hermatypic coral

Hydrozoa

10.1007/s00227-009-1145-x

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Citations (20)