Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer si les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille modèrent l’association entre la parentalité et la consommation d’alcool parmi les adultes canadiens en emploi. Méthode : En s’appuyant sur le pendant canadien de l’étude GENACIS internationale (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study), l’échantillon est composé de 3 403 femmes et 3 295 hommes en emploi, âgés de 18 à 55 ans et qui ont indiqué avoir consommé de l’alcool au moins une fois au cours des 12 mois précédant l’enquête. Des analyses de régression hiérarchique ont été effectuées afin de tester l’hypothèse de modération. Résultats : Les principales conclusions peuvent être résumées comme suit : i) le rôle parental est négativement associée à la consommation d’alcool ; ii) les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille ne sont pas associés à la consommation d’alcool chez les hommes et ils ne sont que marginalement associés à la consommation d’alcool chez les femmes ; iii) les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille ne modèrent pas l’association entre le rôle parental et la consommation d’alcool. Conclusion : Les futures recherches devraient porter sur les processus spécifiques selon lesquels la parentalité structure la consommation d’alcool. Il serait aussi pertinent de vérifier si l’effet du rôle parental sur la consommation d’alcool est plus marqué dans des contextes de consommation qui favorisent la consommation abusive d’alcool.
The clinical and laboratory data for an 8 year old girl with abdominal pain as a presenting manifestation of acute rheumatic fever are reported. An abdominal investigation with ultrasonography carried out at the same time showed free peritoneal fluid. These findings support the proposal that the abdominal pain classically described in acute rheumatic fever is one of the manifestations of the inflammatory process. It is suggested that in patients with abdominal pain, fever, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate in whom the diagnosis is not clear, an abdominal investigation with ultrasonography could be helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis.
ABSTRACT Aims This paper examines the relationship between frequency of drinking, usual daily consumption and frequency of binge drinking, taking into consideration possible age and gender differences. Participants and design Subjects were 10 466 current drinkers (5743 women and 4723 men) aged between 18 and 76 years, who participated in the GENACIS Canada (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study) study. Setting Canada. Measurements The independent variable was the annual drinking frequency. The dependent variables were the usual daily quantity consumed, annual, monthly and weekly frequency of binge drinking (five drinks or more on one occasion). Findings Logistic regressions show (i) that those who drink less than once a week are less likely than weekly drinkers to take more than two drinks when they do drink; (ii) that the usual daily quantity consumed by weekly drinkers is not related to their frequency of drinking; but that (iii) the risk and frequency of binge drinking increase with the frequency of drinking. Conclusions Given that risk and frequency of binge drinking among Canadians increases with their frequency of drinking, any public recommendation to drink moderately should be made with great caution.
Abstract Background and Aims Participating in online gambling is associated with an increased risk for experiencing gambling‐related harms, driving calls for more effective, personalized harm prevention initiatives. Such initiatives depend on the development of models capable of detecting at‐risk online gamblers. We aimed to determine whether machine learning algorithms can use site data to detect retrospectively at‐risk online gamblers indicated by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). Design Exploratory comparison of six prominent supervised machine learning methods (decision trees, random forests, K‐nearest neighbours, logistic regressions, artificial neural networks and support vector machines) to predict problem gambling risk levels reported on the PGSI. Setting Lotoquebec.com (formerly espacejeux.com ), an online gambling platform operated by Loto‐Québec (a provincial Crown Corporation) in Quebec, Canada. Participants N = 9145 adults (18+) who completed the survey measure and placed at least one bet using real money on the site. Measurements Participants completed the PGSI, a self‐report questionnaire with validated cut‐offs denoting a moderate‐to‐high‐risk (PGSI 5+) or high‐risk (PGSI 8+) for experiencing past‐year gambling‐related problems. Participants agreed to release additional data about the preceding 12 months from their user accounts. Predictor variables (144) were derived from users’ transactions, apparent betting behaviours, listed demographics and use of responsible gambling tools on the platform. Findings Our best classification models (random forests) for the PGSI 5+ and 8+ outcome variables accounted for 84.33% (95% CI = 82.24–86.41) and 82.52% (95% CI = 79.96–85.08) of the total area under their receiver operating characteristic curves, respectively. The most important factors in these models included the frequency and variability of participants’ betting behaviour and repeat engagement on the site. Conclusions Machine learning algorithms appear to be able to classify at‐risk online gamblers using data generated from their use of online gambling platforms. They may enable personalized harm prevention initiatives, but are constrained by trade‐offs between their sensitivity and precision.
