Non-exercise (N-EX) questionnaires have been developed to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in healthy populations. There are limited reliable and validated N-EX questionnaires for the HIV+ population that provide estimates of habitual physical activity and not VO2max.To determine how well regression equations developed previously on healthy populations, including N-EX prediction equations for VO2max and age-predicted maximal heart rates (APMHR), worked on an HIV+ population; and to develop a specific N-EX prediction equation for VO2max and APMHR for HIV+ individuals.Sixty-six HIV+ participants on stable HAART completed 4 N-EX questionnaires and performed a maximal graded exercise test.Sixty males and 6 females were included; mean (SD) age was 49.2 (8.2) years; CD4 count was 516.0 ± 253.0 cells·mm-3; and 92% had undetectable HIV PCR. Mean VO2max was 29.2 ± 7.6 (range, 14.4-49.4) mL·kg-1·min-1 Despite positive correlations with VO2max, previously published N-EX VO2max equations produced results significantly different than actual VO2 scores (P < .0001). An HIV+ specific N-EX equation was developed and produced similar mean VO2max values, R = 0.71, when compared to achieved VO2max (P = .53).HIV+ individuals tend to be sedentary and unfit, putting them at increased risk for the development of chronic diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Based on the level of error associated with utilizing APMHR and N-EX VO2max equations with HIV+ individuals, neither should be used in this population for exercise prescription.
PURPOSE: To determine the number of trials needed to achieve a RLV measurement on land or submerged in water that compares to the recommended criteria value. METHODS: Thirty female subjects (22.5 ± 3.8 yr, 167.3 ± 9.1 cm, 66.9 ± 9.7 kg) had RLV collected 5 times across two different conditions (on land and fully submerged in water). Separate repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare RLV means across the following criteria: means of the first two trials (FIR), the first two consecutive trials within 100mL (ROW), the first two trials (consecutive or non-consecutive) within 100ml (WIN), the lowest two trials within 100ml (LOW), and the number of trials necessary to satisfy criteria (TTC) of FIR, ROW, WIN and LOW. The alpha level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between RLV means on land or submerged. When measured on land, TTC for FIR was significantly less than ROW, WIN, and LOW, and it took significantly more trials to obtain LOW than ROW and WIN. There was no significant difference between TTC for ROW and WIN on land. Mean differences between TTC for FIR, ROW, WIN and LOW submerged were all significantly different.Table 1: Mean for RLV(L) across trials on land and submerged in water, and of FIR, ROW, WIN, LOW, and TTC in each condition.CONCLUSION: In young, healthy females the lack of significance between trials suggests that two trials may be sufficient to determine RLV. However, because significant differences between trials to reach criteria exist, the number of trials needed to determine RLV depends upon the criteria selected. Based on means and standards deviations, it is recommended that at least 4 trials be used for ROW and WIN, and at least 5 trials be used to determine LOW for accurate determination of an individual’s RLV.
Remote health monitoring is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool in chronic disease management. Continuous respiratory monitoring could be a powerful tool in managing chronic diseases, however it is infrequently performed because of obtrusiveness and inconvenience of the existing methods. The movements of the chest wall and abdominal area during normal breathing can be monitored and harvested to enable self-powered wearable biosensors for continuous remote monitoring. This paper presents human testing results of a light-weight (30 g), wearable respiratory effort energy harvesting sensor. The harvester output voltage, power, and its metabolic burden, are measured on twenty subjects in two resting and exercise conditions each lasting 5 min. The system includes two off-the-shelf miniature electromagnetic generators harvesting and sensing thoracic and abdominal movements. Modules can be placed in series to increase the output voltage for rectification purposes. Electromagnetic respiratory effort harvester/sensor system can produce up to 1.4 V, 6.44 mW, and harvests 30.4 mJ during a 5-min exercise stage. A statistical paired t-test analysis of the calculated EE confirmed there is no significant change ( P > 0.05 ) in the metabolic rate of subjects wearing the electromagnetic harvester and biosensor.
Episode #1 of the UHWO Health Spotlight, featuring a conversation with Dr. Rebecca Romine where she discusses her background and how she came to be in the health sciences field.
The movements of the torso due to normal breathing could be harvested as an alternative, and renewable power source for an ultra-low power electronic device. The same output signal could also be recorded as a physiological signal containing information about breathing, thus enabling self-powered wearable biosensors/harvesters. In this paper, the selection criteria for such a biosensor, optimization procedure, trade-offs, and challenges as a sensor and harvester are presented. The empirical data obtained from testing different modules on a mechanical torso and a human subject demonstrated that an electromagnetic generator could be used as an unobtrusive self-powered medical sensor by harvesting more power, offering reasonable amount of output voltage for rectification purposes, and detecting respiratory effort.
The local recurrence of pancreatic cancer is around 30% when complete resection can be achieved. Extended lymphatic resections may improve survival, but increases severe morbidity. As accurate patient selection should be mandatory, a new method is presented for pancreatic sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection with lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe.Seven patients with cT2N0M0 pancreatic head cancer were enrolled between 2009 and 2012 in this prospective study. One day prior to surgery, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with echoendoscopic intratumoural administration of Tc99m-labelled nanocolloid was performed, with planar and SPECT-CT images obtained 2 h later. Gamma probe detection of SLN was also carried out during surgery.Radiotracer administration was feasible in all patients. Scintigraphy images showed inter-aortocaval lymph nodes in 2 patients, hepatoduodenal ligament lymph nodes in 1, intravascular injection in 3, intestinal transit in 5, and main pancreatic duct visualisation in 1. Surgical resection could only be achieved in 4 patients owing to locally advanced disease. Intraoperative SLN detection was accomplished in 2 patients, both with negative results. Only in one patient could SLN be confirmed as truly negative by final histopathological analysis.This new method of pancreatic SLN detection is technically feasible, but challenging. Our preliminary results with 7 patients are not sufficient for clinical validation.Tras una resección quirúrgica completa, la recidiva local del cancer de páncreas es de aproximadamente el 30%. La linfadenectomía extendida podría mejorar la supervivencia pero implica una morbilidad grave, por lo que una adecuada selección de los pacientes seria fundamental. Presentamos una nueva técnica de determinación del ganglio centinela (GC) en el cáncer de páncreas mediante el uso de SPECT/TC y sonda gamma.Siete pacientes con cáncer de páncreas estadío cT2N0M0 fueron incluidos entre 2009 y 2012 en este estudio prospectivo. El día antes de la cirugía se realizó una ecoendoscopia con inyección intratumoral de un nanocoloide marcado con Tc99m y dos horas más tarde se obtuvieron imágenes planares y de SPECT-TC. Intraoperatoriamente se realizó asimismo un rastreo con sonda gamma para detectar el GC.La administración del radiotrazador fue posible en todos los pacientes. La linfogammagrafía detectó ganglios interaortocavos en 2 pacientes, ganglios en el ligamento hepatoduodenal en 1 paciente, inyección intravascular en 3 pacientes, tránsito intestinal en 5 pacientes y visualizó el conducto pancreático principal en 1 paciente. Debido a la progresión local, la resección quirúrgica pudo ser completada únicamente en 4 pacientes. La detección intraoperatoria del GC se completo en 2 pacientes, ambos con resultado negativo. Sólo en uno de estos pacientes el resultado pudo confirmarse con el estudio anatomopatológico definitivo.Este nuevo método de detección del GC en cáncer de páncreas es viable pero complejo. Nuestros resultados preliminares con 7 pacientes no permiten una validación clínica.
The purpose of the study was to determine allometric exponents for scaling grip strength in children that effectively control for body mass (BM) and stature (Ht) and to develop normative grip strength data for Hawaiian children. One thousand, four hundred thirty-seven students (754 boys) from a rural community in Hawaii participated in this 5-year study, resulting in 2,567 data points. Handgrip strength, BM, and Ht were collected every year. Multiple log-linear regression was used to determine allometric exponents for BM and Ht. Appropriateness of the allometric model was assessed through regression diagnostics, including normality of residuals and homoscedasticity. Allometrically scaled, ratio-scaled, and unscaled grip strength were then correlated with BM and Ht to examine the effectiveness of the procedure in controlling for body size. Allometric exponents for BM and Ht were calculated separately for each age group of boys and girls to satisfy the common exponent and group difference principles described by Vanderburgh. Unscaled grip strength had moderate to strong positive correlations with BM and Ht (p ≤ 0.05 for all) for all age groups. Ratio-scaled handgrip strength had significant moderate to strong negative correlations with BM (p ≤ 0.05 for all) and, to a lesser extent, Ht (p ≤ 0.05 for 8- to 12-year-old boys; p ≤ 0.05 for 8- to 12- and 14-year-old girls). Correlations between allometrically scaled handgrip strength and BM and Ht were not significant and approached zero. This study was the first to allometrically scale handgrip strength for BM and Ht in Hawaiian children. Allometric scaling applied to grip strength provides a useful expression of grip strength free of the confounding influence of body size.
Background:Autonomic dysfunction was a common co-morbidity associated with HIV-infection particularly with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prior to the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The burden of autonomic symptoms in the era of cART is unknown. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of autonomic symptoms in HIV infected (HIV+) subjects on stable cART.Methods:This retrospective study evaluated the prevalence of symptoms associated with autonomic dysfunction in HIV+ subjects on a stable cART compared to HIV− controls. Subjects completed an Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) questionnaire from which a clinically relevant Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS) score was calculated. A COMPASS score ≥30 was used as the cutoff for the presence of autonomic dysfunction.Results:Seventy subjects, 48 HIV+ and 22 HIV− were analyzed. Forty percent of the HIV+ group had a total COMPASS score ≥30 compared to 9% of HIV− control (<.01). HIV+ subjects reported a higher prevalence of symptoms in the autonomic domains related to secretomotor, pupillomotor, and male sexual dysfunction. Eighty percent of HIV+ subjects with a COMPASS score of ≥30 had abnormalities on formal autonomic function testing.Conclusions:HIV+ subjects on cART have a higher prevalence of dysautonomia symptoms compared to HIV− controls.
PURPOSE: To determine the number of trials needed to achieve a RLV measurement on land or submerged in water that compares to recommended criteria value. METHODS: Thirty male subjects (23.8 ± 3.5 yr, 175.7 ± 8.7 cm, 82.0 ± 15.4 kg) had RLV collected five times across two conditions (on land and fully submerged in water). Separate repeated-measures ANOVA were used to compare RLV means across the following criteria: means of the first two trials (FIR), the first two consecutive trials within 100mL (ROW), the first two trials (consecutive or non-consecutive) within 100ml (WIN), the lowest two trials within 100ml (LOW), and the number of trials necessary to satisfy criteria FIR, ROW, WIN and LOW. The alpha level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Mean RLV on land showed a significant decrease from trial 1 to 2 of 0.074L, trial 1 to 3 of 0.097L, and trial 1 to 5 of 0.097L (p<0.05). Mean values for LOW (0.99L) were significantly less compared with FIR, ROW, and WIN (1.19L, 1.13L, and 1.05L respectively) on land, and significantly less than FIR (1.11L) submerged. The LOW were obtained in a mean of 4 trials, significantly more trials than FIR, ROW, and WIN in each condition. There was no significant difference between trials to criteria for LOW on land (3.97) compared to submerged (4.07).Table 1: Mean for RLV (L) across trials on land and submerged in water, and of FIR, ROW, WIN, LOW, and trials to criteria in each condition.CONCLUSION: For healthy, young male subjects the number of trials needed to determine RLV depends upon the criteria selected. Based on means and standards deviations, it is recommended that at least 4 trials be used for ROW and WIN, and at least 5 trials for LOW. Additionally, FIR is not an appropriate criterion due to changes in RLV in subsequent trials.
College student-athletes represent a unique sub-population of college students with several competing responsibilities to fulfill. While institutions of higher education have historically used standardized test scores and GPA as predictors of students’ academic success, there have been shifts to include non-cognitive, social and emotional factors in this predictive model. Social and emotional skills can be developed. Research has shown that implementing social and emotional learning curriculum has positive impacts on academic achievement, student attitudes about learning, and the creation of prosocial behaviors. These benefits contribute to increased student persistence, retention, and graduation rates. While the connection between social and emotional learning and academic achievement is well documented, there is a lack of research and practical application of social and emotional learning curriculum in higher education with collegiate student-athletes. Advisors, academic support personnel, coaches, and athletic administrators who understand student-athletes’ social and emotional capabilities can use this understanding to help holistically develop student-athletes. Breaking down siloed, departmental operations within higher education and sharing information to work collaboratively for the good of student-athletes can lead to higher academic achievement, better on-field performance, and graduates with the necessary soft skills to succeed in a competitive job market.
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