Power measurement for photovoltaic(PV) modules is a key factor in evaluating the performance, safety, and long-term reliability of photovoltaic modules. The power measurement for the PV module is made by measuring the electrical characteristics by a solar simulator, which is an artificial solar light source. These solar simulators are divided into two types, which are the pulse-type simulator and the continuous type simulator. In the pulse simulator, the temperature characteristics are stabilized and there is not temperature difference between the inside and outside of the solar module to be measured. The continuous irradiation simulator has fluctuations in temperature characteristics due to continuous light irradiation, and there is a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the PV module to be measured. The variability of these temperature characteristics can be improved through temperature correction. In addition, the convenience of measurement can be improved by predicting the power and correcting the irradiance to the temperature correction. The integrated correction of temperature and irradiance proposed in this paper can be contributed to the power measurement of PV modules in the continuous type simulator.
Recent studies have reported that glucosamine (GlcN) showed therapeutic effects in allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis, and its mechanisms include the suppression of T helper type 2 immune responses and the nuclear factor-κB pathway.We aimed to investigate the effect of GlcN on atopic dermatitis (AD) in an animal model.Twenty-five BALB/c mice were divided into five groups (groups A~E). Group A was the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated group without AD induction. Group B was the PBS control group with AD induction. Groups C to E were the AD induction groups, which were treated with three different doses of GlcN (10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg, respectively). Histopathological examination was performed after GlcN administration. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-17 cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using skin biopsy specimens. Serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations were measured before and after administration with GlcN or PBS.Clinical dermatitis scores decreased with increasing GlcN dose (p<0.001). Concentrations of tissue IL-13 and IL-17 decreased after GlcN administration (each group: p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively), but the concentrations of tissue IL-4 did not show differences across groups. Serum IgE levels tended to be lower after GlcN administration (p=0.004). Histopathological scores were not significantly different among groups B~E (p=0.394).GlcN improved AD symptoms and decreased tissue IL-13, IL-17, and serum total IgE levels in an animal model.
An attempt was made to develop a proteinchip for screening of MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) inhibitor. Binding of MITF to E-box causes transcription of several pigmenting genes including tyrosinase gene. We investigated binding of MITF and its DNA binding site (E-box) using a protein-DNA chip with various detection methods including flurorescence (Cyt3). SPR (surface plasmon resonance) and SPRi (surface plasmon resonance imaging). A fusion protein (MITF-Maltose Binding Protein) was attached on the glass plate by chemical modification. An inhibitory synthetic DNA oligomer, artificially designed based on the E-box sequence, inhibited the binding of MITF and E-box. These results showed the potentials of flurorescence-based MITF protein chip as a microarray for high throughput screening (HTS) system of depigmenting agents.
Two Cases of Melasma with Unusual Histopathologic FindingsWe reported two cases of clinically typical melasma presenting with unusual histopathologic findings.In one case, the epidermal melanocytes were markedly increased in number and protruded into the dermis, and in the other case, increased epidermal pigmentation as well as dermal melanocytosis were found.We suggested that the various treatment modalities of melasma should be applied depend on its histopathologic finding.
Abstract Background Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (Mitf) is a key regulatory transcriptional factor of pigmentation‐related genes including tyrosinase. Inhibition of tyrosinase transcription by blocking the binding of Mitf with its promoter E‐box DNA can control the pigmentation. However, no such chemicals were reported so far. Objective To discover and evaluate the small molecule inhibitors of Mitf‐E‐box DNA. Methods Candidate chemicals were screened by virtual screening from pharmacophore data followed by Mitf E‐box DNA protein chip. After selecting the chemical, its inhibitory activity on binding interaction between Mitf and E‐box DNA, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed. To evaluate the depigmenting activity of Compound #17, cellular melanin assa, and Western blot were performed in melan‐a cells. Results Among 27 chemicals selected from a pharmacophore data by virtual screening, Compound #17 was screened, which showed the most potent inhibitory activity against Mitf‐E‐box DNA binding in protein chip. EMSA results confirmed the specific inhibition of Compound #17 on Mitf‐E‐box DNA binding. In melan‐a cells, Compound #17 reduced tyrosinase expression and melanin synthesis (62.5% at 25 μM). Conclusions The results show that Compound #17 is the first small molecule inhibitor of Mitf‐E‐box DNA binding with depigmenting activity.
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