The luminescent structure of thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) and the behavior of electrons during luminescence are studied at great length based on the conventional first-principles calculation combined with ordinary spectroscopic analysis befittingly in this work. The hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential (HSE) is used to visualize the energy band structure of the experimental sample's system, and the corresponding relationship between the transition behavior of CsI:Tl energy levels and the spectrum is studied more accurately. We show the complete energy conversion process clearly, which involves the crystal beginning to receive the energy of a photon until the moment of de-excitation. All the fluorescence process is completed by Tl+ions that replace Cs+ions. Our results verify and complement the previous theories and potentially provide important references for the adjustment and design of the detectors and imaging equipment in different fields.
With the rapid development of Internet technology, the content of cultural education is rapidly transferred from offline to online. The transformation solves the problem of time and space limitation, yet brings new challenges such as digital copyright protection, quality certification of curriculum resources, education evaluation and certification, personalized learning services, and education quality supervision. The emergence of blockchain technology provides strong support to solve the above challenges in cultural education. This chapter focuses on the solutions based on blockchain for copyright deposit, transaction, and value evaluation, as well as education certification, learning incentive and credit cashing modes, and the subject-object evaluation model for online education and learning. Three application scenarios and application cases are tackled, including educational authentication and certificate management, multiple evaluations for online learning, copyright certificate storage and trading, and knowledge securitization. The discussion and research in this chapter could be referenced for further development of blockchain in cultural education.
The infection status of anisakid larvae was examined in 290 marine fish of 25 species and in 108 cephalopods of 3 species purchased in Bayuquan region, Yingko city nearby the coast of the Bohai Sea from may to August 1992. A total of 7,327 larvae were collected from 156 fish of 19 species and 8 squids of one species. The 3rd-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were collected from 121 fish (63.4%) of 15 species (N = 191) and from 8 squids (14.8%) of one species (N = 54), and they were total, 5,992 (81.8%). Out of remaining 1,335 larvae, 154 (2.1%) were classified as Thynnascaris type B from 23 fish of 4 species, 1,013 (13.8%) as Thynnascaris type C from 79 fish of 13 species. 164 (2.2%) as Hysterothylacium China type V from 20 fish of 4 species, 3 (0.04%) as Raphidascaris from 3 fish of 2 species and one was Pseudoterranova decipiens larva.
Abstract The Einstein Probe (EP) focusing mirrors is a main load to focus and image x-rays. A single-layer which adopts Nickel substrates and Gold reflective coatings has been used for the EP focusing mirrors and has excellent performance below 8 keV. It is a possibility to enhance the effective area of higher x-ray regions by using the multilayer design. The multilayer with single block is designed and has excellent reflectance at specific x-ray energies above 8 keV. 54 multilayers are used for all mirror shells with different incident angles. The optimized B/Ir supermirror design for focusing mirrors with short focal length shows an effective area of up to 152 cm 2 in 9 keV. And, the method can be used to design supermirror for higher x-ray regions, which will achieve hard x-ray detection with short focal length focusing mirrors and small hard x-ray detection satellite.
Developing a ceramic scintillator operating in a phoswich detector is a feasible way for pulse shape discrimination. A YAG:Ce transparent ceramic scintillator has been synthesized by using the vacuum sintering method. In this work, we present a new phoswich detector mainly developed for the determination of low radioactivity levels. The system was constructed by combining a transparent ceramic scintillator, for the detection of α particles, and a CsI:Tl crystal, for the detection of γ-rays. With the device proposed here, the particle identification in a mixed α–γ field has been achieved with the rise time discrimination method. Furthermore, the figure of merit can also be improved using the phoswich detector. The higher reliability, simplicity, and low cost of the design that combines ceramics and crystals make the YAG ceramic have extremely good application prospects.
The anti-Compton phoswich (ACP) detector, which is composed of multiple scintillators with one photomultiplier tube, takes into account the Compton suppression function and portability, and therefore, a discussion on how to design its shape to improve the performance of the detector has become necessary. Based on an ACP detector using a well-typed LaBr3:Ce/NaI:Tl composite scintillator that has been developed in the laboratory in early work, this study uses GEANT4 to simulate and study the influence of the change in the shape and size of the secondary scintillator on the performance of the detector, such as the Compton suppression ratio, the energy resolution, and the full-energy peak (FEP) loss. In the course of the study, we mainly investigate the variation of the performance of the detector in two ways. First, the inclination angle of the truncated cone is gradually changed to compare its FEP address and Compton suppression ratio. Second, the case of the well-shaped and annular-shaped secondary scintillators is compared, respectively, to find out their impact on energy resolution and FEP address. The final results show that, compared with the ACP detector using a φ75 × 90 mm2 LaBr3:Ce/NaI:Tl cylindrical composite scintillator, a truncated cone-shaped composite scintillator of 0.8 inclination may have an equivalent 137% light yield (137% signal-to-noise ratio), a Compton suppression ratio of 89.62% (at 662 keV), 89.98% FWHM energy resolution, and a volume reduction of 36.74%, which means that the weight of the detector is reduced by 2.107 kg.
Abstract Inpainting refers to reconstruct the incomplete image or video via analysing their context, feature of the tailing etc. Convolutional neural network with deep learning is proved to be an effective method to achieve inpainting. However, those algorithms existed now usually have vague and blurry results with huge amount of time to train the models. To address this issue, this article based on the construction of Context Encoders, continue to use the strategy of combining the encoders and generative adversarial networks (GANs), on which we add the global discriminator, consisting of the multi-scale adversarial network with the local discriminator altogether. The local discriminator ensures the local detail while the global discriminator guarantees the global consistency. Comparing with the Context Encoders, this network is simplified by reducing some of the redundant fabric, therefore this network is faster. Meantime, we re-calculate the loss function of the network and train it with the Paris dataset. The results proved that our network can achieve a better performance on street-view pictures than Context Encoders to some extent.
A pair of new possible chiral doublet bands has been experimentally identified for the first time in the odd-odd nucleus $^{126}\mathrm{Cs}$. The possibility of multiple chiral doublet $(\mathrm{M}\ensuremath{\chi}\mathrm{D})$ bands in $^{126}\mathrm{Cs}$ was interpreted by projected shell model (PSM) calculations with a relatively complete configuration space. The newly observed bands and the first chiral doublet band reported earlier belong to an identical configuration, providing the first experimental and theoretical evidence for the existence of multiple chiral doublet bands of odd-odd nuclei in the $A\ensuremath{\approx}130$ mass region.
Mass transport within zeolites is pivotal in determining the accessibility of active sites to reactants and hence the catalytic performance. However, there lacks of quantitative guidance for synthesis of desired zeolites with negligible diffusion limitation. Herein, we take mordenite (MOR) zeolite as a model, which is characterized by 12‐membered rings (MR) channels as transport path towards the active sites within the 8MR side pockets for syngas conversion to light olefins. By correlating the effective diffusion lengths (2l) with the Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factors of reaction rates over a composite catalyst ZnAlOx‐MOR, we determine that the shortest 12MR channel length (2L) of 60 nm in this study is close to the threshold length necessary for full access to the 8MR acid sites. As a result, it exhibits excellent catalytic performance with CO conversion reaching 33% and ethylene selectivity 69%. Furthermore, the methodology is general and essential for further development of efficient zeolite catalysts with fully accessible active sites.
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