Dataset from the following publication: Schütz, A. C., Lossin, F., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2015). Dynamic integration of information about salience and value for smooth pursuit eye movements. Vision Research, 113, 169-178. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2014.08.009 .
Dataset from the following publication: Wolf, C., Wagner, I., & Schütz, A.C. (under review). Competition between salience and informational value for saccade adaptation. Journal of Vision. For every experiment, there is a zip folder with the underlying data. Column descriptions can be found in pdf files. More informations can be found in the README.txt files in every folder. For further questions, please contact: chr.wolf[at]wwu.de or a.schuetz[at]uni.marburg.de
Due to the inhomogenous visual representation across the visual field, humans use peripheral vision to select objects of interest and foveate them by saccadic eye movements for further scrutiny. Thus, there is usually peripheral information available before and foveal information after a saccade. In this study we investigated the integration of information across saccades. We measured reliabilities—i.e., the inverse of variance—separately in a presaccadic peripheral and a postsaccadic foveal orientation-discrimination task. From this, we predicted trans-saccadic performance and compared it to observed values. We show that the integration of incongruent peripheral and foveal information is biased according to their relative reliabilities and that the reliability of the trans-saccadic information equals the sum of the peripheral and foveal reliabilities. Both results are consistent with and indistinguishable from statistically optimal integration according to the maximum-likelihood principle. Additionally, we tracked the gathering of information around the time of the saccade with high temporal precision by using a reverse correlation method. Information gathering starts to decline between 100 and 50 ms before saccade onset and recovers immediately after saccade offset. Altogether, these findings show that the human visual system can effectively use peripheral and foveal information about object features and that visual perception does not simply correspond to disconnected snapshots during each fixation.
Dataset relative to the following publication: Braun, D. I., Schütz, A. C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2017). Visual sensitivity for luminance and chromatic stimuli during the execution of smooth pursuit and saccadic eye movements. Vision Research
Dataset from the following publication: Paeye, C., Schütz, A. C., & Gegenfurtner, K. R. (2016). Visual reinforcement shapes eye movements in visual search. Journal of Vision, 16(10):15, 1–15, doi:10.1167/16.10.15
Dataset from the following publication: Schütz, A. C., Kerzel, D., & Souto, D. (2014). Saccadic adaptation induced by a perceptual task. Journal of Vision, 14(5):4, 1–19. doi:10.1167/14.5.4 .
Dataset from the following publication: Hübner, C., & Schütz, A. C. (2017). Numerosity estimation benefits from transsaccadic information integration. Journal of Vision, 17(13):12, 1–16, doi:10.1167/17.13.12.
This depository contains the data from different experiments regarding the perceived speed of moving targets tracked with different oculomotor behavior. The folders "Gap Paradigm" and "Step Paradigm" contain the main data for the manuscript. The folders "Vertical Offset Control" and "Awareness of Saccades" data from additional control experiments. In the folders "Gap Paradigm" and "Step Paradigm" you will find additional folders seperating the conditions for the collected data. One "Pilot" Folder contains the data used in the pilot experiment to determine the relevant eye crossing times. The "Speed Discrimination" Folder contains the files where participants made judgements about moving objects while tracking it with the eyes. In the "Fixation" folder you find the data for the fixation control where observes saw the same stimulus as during the speed discrimination task, but where not allowed to track the moving object. For each of the experiments we have a folder for the seperate blocks of the participant, which contains a logfile which specifys the parameters used for all trials and seperate files which contain information about the eye position during each trial. The structure of the eye position files is always the same: time, x-position, y-position, events marked by the eyelink. The x- and y-position are coded in pixels on the screen. The parameters specified in the log-fileare explained in an additional readme file.
The theory of transsaccadic feature prediction (Herwig & Schneider, 2014) postulates that through everyday experience the visual system implicitly associates foveal and peripheral information corresponding to the same object. Therefore, peripheral information can be used to predict associated foveal object information for recognition, and foveal information can be used to predict peripheral information for visual search. Here, we tested whether peripheral-foveal associations are better for familiar than for novel objects in two different experiments. In both experiments, participants were trained on a set of novel objects to implicitly associate peripheral and foveal information corresponding to those objects, by using a sham transsacadic orientation discrimination task. On the day after, observers completed a recognition task to measure their familiarity with the trained objects. Following the familiarity measurement, participants in the first experiment performed a 3-AFC peripheral identification task where they needed to pick the foveal target that matched the briefly presented familiar or novel peripheral probe. Participants in the second experiment performed a transsaccadic change detection task where a familiar or novel peripheral object was swapped or not swapped with another object either immediately after the saccade or after a 300 ms blank. We found an advantage of familiar over novel objects in the peripheral identification task of the first experiment. In the transsacadic change detection task of the second experiment, we found an advantage for the blank condition, reproducing the well-known blanking effect. More importantly, we found that intrasaccadic change detection performance with and without blank was better when either one of the objects was familiar. The advantage of familiar over novel objects in both experiments might be caused by two mutually non-exclusive effects: improved peripheral recognition of familiar objects and strengthened peripheral-foveal association for familiar objects.
Humans use saccades to sample information from the world with foveal vision by fixating objects and areas of interest. The world, however, is not static, so representations of objects must be updated over time as changes occur. Foveal vision has higher acuity and reliability than peripheral vision, which is also more susceptible to phenomena such as change blindness: given this inequality, how much does peripheral vision contribute to updating object representations across sequences of saccades? Is visual awareness based on potentially outdated information at the time of object fixation, or is awareness updated based on more recent, but less reliable peripheral information? This study tested whether the representation of a rotating object was updated based on peripheral information, or whether it was based purely on the foveal view of the object, and whether the predictability of object rotation affected updating. We presented participants with four real-world objects, presented at random orientations from 360º of possible viewpoints. Participants were instructed to fixate each object in a set order, for a fixed duration. With each saccade, each object rotated either in a consecutive manner, or to a random viewpoint. Participants were then asked to make a perceptual report by rotating a randomly presented object to match the viewpoint they remembered. We correlated perceptual reports to each of the shown orientations to determine the contribution of peripheral and foveal orientations. Results showed that when objects rotated to random, non-consecutive viewpoints, participants reported the foveally-viewed orientation; however, when objects rotated in a continuous manner, participants were more likely to report more recent, peripherally-viewed orientations, depending on object eccentricity. This suggests that peripheral information is used to update perceptual representations when peripherally-viewed changes are consistent with a systematic change in the world. Peripheral information may be processed, but filtered, and only accessed under specific circumstances.
