Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) is one of the important tree species in plantation in southern China. Rapid and accurate acquisition of individual tree above-ground biomass (IT-AGB) information is of vital importance for precise monitoring and scientific management of Chinese fir forest resources. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) oblique photogrammetry technology can simultaneously obtain high-density point cloud data and high spatial resolution spectral information, which has been a main remote sensing source for obtaining forest fine three-dimensional structure information and provided possibility for estimating IT-AGB. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to estimate IT-AGB by introducing the color space intensity information into a regression-based model that incorporates three-dimensional point cloud and two-dimensional spectrum feature variables, and the accuracy was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross-validation approach. The results demonstrated that the intensity variables derived from the color space were strongly correlated with the IT-AGB and obviously improved the estimation accuracy. The model constructed by the combination of point cloud variables, vegetation index and RGB spatial intensity variables had high accuracy (R2 = 0.79; RMSECV = 44.77 kg; and rRMSECV = 0.25). Comparing the performance of estimating IT-AGB models with different spatial resolution images (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 m), the model was the best at the spatial resolution of 0.2 m, which was significantly better than that of the other four. Moreover, we also divided the individual tree canopy into four directions (East, West, South and North) to develop estimation models respectively. The result showed that the IT-AGB estimation capacity varied significantly in different directions, and the West-model had better performance, with the estimation accuracy of 67%. This study indicates the potential of using oblique photogrammetry technology to estimate AGB at an individual tree scale, which can support carbon stock estimation as well as precision forestry application.
Abstract Hexavalent chromium is mainly determined by traditional spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and ion chromatography methods. In the present work, a reliable ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was firstly developed for the determination of hexavalent chromium in textiles. The sample was extracted by acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution and followed by derivatization with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate. The resulting derivative product was extracted by ethyl acetate, separated on a C18 column, and detected through electrospray ionization source in the positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring conditions. The derivatization reaction conditions were investigated and optimized. The developed method was validated in terms of the sensitivity, linearity range, matrix effects, recovery, accuracy, intra‐ and interday precision. Results showed that the calibration curves of pure solvent and matrix were linear over the selected concentration ranges of 0.1–20.0 μg/L. The achieved instrument and method limit of quantification were 0.1 and 40.0 μg/kg, respectively. Recoveries were calculated at three spiked concentrations and the values were between 92.2 and 103% with relative standard deviation values of 2.7–4.9% for intra‐day precision and 6.1% for inter‐day precision. Successful analysis of hexavalent chromium in practical textiles indicated that there was hexavalent chromium contamination in textiles.
It is the important content of the programme during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period of our country to support the development of milk industry actively, it is the important measure of adjusting the agricultural structure of Xinjiang too. Facing the new situation of accession to the WTO and the great opportunity of the development of western regions, we should pay attention to milk industry's development further . This text directed against the problem from the rural organization system in China and milk industry's development of Xinjiang, used for reference external experience, put forward that it is necessary trend of developping milk industry of Xinjiang to establish the cooperative economic organization.
This study was intended to extract and identify the proanthocyanidins from Larix gmelinii bark. Different extraction methods and degreasing methods were investigated. The content of proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activities and FT-IR analysis were used to evaluate and identify these extracts. The ultrasonic-assisted extracts displayed a higher content of proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity than supercritical carbon dioxide extracts. The defatted extracts displayed a higher content of proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activity than un-defatted extracts. DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of extracts (29.88 μg mL− 1) was higher than VC (36.04 μg mL− 1), and the inhibition effect of lipid peroxidation of extracts (15%) was higher than VC (13%) and VE (11%). The FT-IR analysis revealed that the main phenolic compounds were almost the same as proanthocyanidin standards.
Through systematic analysis of the structural characteristics and invulnerability of spider web, this paper explores the possibility of combining the advantages of spider web such as network robustness and invulnerability with farmland wireless sensor network. A universally applicable definition and mathematical model of artificial spider web structure are established. The comparison between artificial spider web and traditional networks is discussed in detail. The simulation result shows that the networking structure of artificial spider web is better than that of traditional networks in terms of improving the overall reliability and invulnerability of communication system. A comprehensive study on the advantage characteristics of spider web has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the invulnerability research of farmland wireless sensor network.
A 19-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for erythema and nodules on the face and postauricular region for 6 years. Microscopic examination of lesion scrapings revealed brown septate hyphae. A restricted, velvety and black colony grew on Sabouraud's dextrose agar. Slide culture on potato dextrose agar plate showed flask-shaped phialides at the apex of or around the hyphae with clear collarettes and flaring apex,mucilage-encapsuled, round to oval, semi-endogenous phialosporae accumulating at the apex of the phialides,giving a flower-like appearance. Anti-fungal susceptibility test showed that the fungus was sensitive to itraconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B, but resistant to fluconazole. Sequence analysis of the ITS1-ITS4 region revealed a 98% consistency with the reference sequence of ITS1-ITS4 of Phialophora verrucosa. On the basis of above findings, the patient was diagnosed with cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Clinical improvement was seen after treatment with oral itraconazole (400 mg/d).
Key words:
Phialophora; Chromoblastomycosis; Itraconazole
The polymer of rosin allyl alcohol ester was synthesized by microwave irradiation heating and routine heating method.The structure of the polymer was identified by IR,UV.Softening point and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) of the polymer were measured and analyzed.Results showed the crosslinked structure of the synthesized polymer through reaction participated by the conjugated double bonds of rosin.Softening point of the polymer was above 300℃.Molecular weight of the polymers by microwave irradiation and routine method were above 29305 and 3910,respectively,and that of the polymer by routine method with the addition of crosslinking agent was above 9729.More double bonds were observed to be retained in the latter polymer which has poor thermal stability.Microwave assisted synthesis was a quick and convenient way to synthesize the polymer of rosin allyl alcohol ester,and the performances of the product were superior to those by routine method.
Mountainous area in Xingtai,belonging to the southern section of Mt.Taihang ranges,is located in the southwest of Hebei Province,where the regional characteristic vegetation is deciduous broad-leaved forest,including 5 vegetation types and 27 formations,whose community structure and composition have the features of warm temperate zone vegetation,and has representativeness to some extent in Mt.Taihang.
Whether the basic factors are rich or not and whether they are used reasonably and efficiently are not only related to the production capacity of vegetable industry at present, but also related to the potential of future development of vegetable industry.This study selected the top 10 vegetable provinces in the national vegetable production total output in 2015, and compared the competitiveness level of the factors by calculating the above main factors of production factor endowment coefficient of each province.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)