Proximal humerus fracture accounts to about 4-5% of all the fractures and is the third most common fracture in the elderly population. Though several modalities of treatment exist there are no clear guidelines or consensus to the optimal method of treatment of these fractures especially in the elderly population. This study was based in a tertiary hospital with the objectives to assess the functional outcome of surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population. Patients with proximal humerus fracture aged above 51 years and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The fractures were classified using Neer’s classification of proximal humerus fracture. Patients were treated surgically by [ORIF] and post-operatively limb is immobilized in arm pouch; mobilization was started at the second week as per patient’s tolerance. Patients were then followed up at 3 months, 6months and 12 months.They were assessed for functional outcome using Constant scoring system [Pain, activities of daily living and range of motion]. A total of 37 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 65.2 years. The study included 18 2-part fracture, 11 3-part fractures and 8 4-part fracture. The mean Constant score at 12-month follow-up in 2-part fracture was 66.2, in 3-part fracture was 59 and in 4-part fracture was 51.4. The overall mean Constant score was 60.2. In conclusion we areof opinion that treatment of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly population is a challenge and one should not deny them a good functional outcome. Patients with 2-part fracture fared better and has a satisfactorily good functional outcome. Whereas in 3-part and 4-part fractures the outcomes do not vary significantly and patients with 4-part fracture had higher incidence of surgery related complication.

Humerus fracture

10.22271/ortho.2017.v3.i4f.51

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Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Based on Green Chemistry and Their Medical Biochemical Applications: Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles

JOURNAL OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS (2023)

Kakudji Kisimba Anand Krishnan Mbuso Faya Kahumba Byanga Kabange Kasumbwe

Nanoparticles have distinct properties that make them potentially valuable in a variety of industries. As a result, emerging approaches for the manufacture of nanoparticles are gaining a lot of scientific interest. The biological pathway of nanoparticle synthesis has been suggested as an effective, affordable, and environmentally safe method. Synthesis of nanoparticles through physical and chemical processes uses unsafe materials, expensive equipment and adversely affects the environment. As a result, in order to support the increased utilization of nanoparticles across many sectors, nanotechnology research activities have shifted toward environmentally safe and cost-effective techniques that outperform chemical and/or biological procedures. The use of organisms to produce metal nanoparticles is among the most frequently discussed methods. Plants appear to be the best candidates among these organisms for large-scale nanoparticle biosynthesis. Medicinal plants have been employed as reducing agents and NP stabilizers to minimize the toxicity of NPs in both the environment and the human body. Furthermore, the presence of certain functional components in plant extracts may be extremely useful and effective for the human body. Polyphenol, for example, which may have antioxidant properties, might intercept free radicals before they interact with other biomolecules and cause considerable damage. The current article analyzes the most recent developments and improvements in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles by different plants and the use of these nanoparticles for various biomedical applications and hopes to provide insights into this exciting research frontier.

Biomolecule

Environmentally Friendly

10.32604/jrm.2023.026159

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Antifungal Activities of the Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum Retz

Amit C. Kharkwal Ram Prasad

The antifungal activity of the dealcoholized extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum Retz. was determined on four different fungal organisms. The crude leaf extract significantly inhibited the growth of A. niger; P. frequentance; P. notataum and B. cinera when tested by turbidity and spore germination methods in concentration dependent fashion. The effects produced by the extract were compared with a standard antifungal agent.

Spore germination

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A Comprehensive Understanding of Electro-Fermentation

Fermentation (2020)

Drishti Dinesh Bhagchandanii Rishi Pramod Babu Jayesh M. Sonawane Namita Khanna Soumya Pandit

Electro-fermentation (EF) is an upcoming technology that can control the metabolism of exoelectrogenic bacteria (i.e., bacteria that transfer electrons using an extracellular mechanism). The fermenter consists of electrodes that act as sink and source for the production and movement of electrons and protons, thus generating electricity and producing valuable products. The conventional process of fermentation has several drawbacks that restrict their application and economic viability. Additionally, metabolic reactions taking place in traditional fermenters are often redox imbalanced. Almost all metabolic pathways and microbial strains have been studied, and EF can electrochemically control this. The process of EF can be used to optimize metabolic processes taking place in the fermenter by controlling the redox and pH imbalances and by stimulating carbon chain elongation or breakdown to improve the overall biomass yield and support the production of a specific product. This review briefly discusses microbe-electrode interactions, electro-fermenter designs, mixed-culture EF, and pure culture EF in industrial applications, electro methanogenesis, and the various products that could be hence generated using this process.

Industrial fermentation

Microbial Metabolism

10.3390/fermentation6030092

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Chromosome variations inXenopsylla astia Rothschild, 1911 (Siphonaptera). A preliminary report

Experientia (1978)

Cheriyan Thomas Ram Prasad

Rothschild

Xenopsylla

10.1007/bf01932337

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