The buried interface in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is critical for determining device performance. However, during annealing, the perovskite crystallized downward from the film's top surfaces, and the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) often resulted in voids at the perovskite bottom surface, which negatively impacted PSC performance. In this study, a green solid-state additive, piracetam (PA), was introduced into a perovskite precursor to reduce void formation. Due to the stronger interaction with perovskite components than DMSO, nonvolatile PA could remain within the perovskite films during thermal annealing to avoid volume collapse, thereby preventing the formation of voids at the buried interface as well as passivating the defects of undercoordinated Pb2+. Additionally, the introduction of PA could effectively enhance the crystallization of perovskite, leading to an improved quality of the perovskite films and depressed nonradiative recombination. As a result, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs increased significantly from 20.95 to 23.42% with excellent operational and thermal stability.
X ray CT is a vital technology for inspecting the internal structure of some objects. Various computing method models have been used to CT reconstruction. When image of the scanned object is recorded by the detector unit of finite area, the strip-based projection model is more suitable. In this paper, a simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) for strip-based parallel beam projection model have been adopted. Furthermore, in order to reduce the radiation dose and avoid the blurring effect resulting from changes in physical and chemical properties of specimens during scanning, it is necessary to reduce the number of step-scanning. This algorithm combined with cubic spline interpolation can reconstruct high quality CT images in a small amount of data projection in numerical simulation.
The ship weather routing has been a focus of nautical navigation research, many scholars have been committed to this research. This paper presented a general approach to determine the minimum voyage time route for the ship weather routing. The mathematical model of this method is based on the grid system, combined with genetic algorithms to determine a safe and time-saving route for ships. Based on the basic genetic algorithm, this paper introduced the deletion and insertion operator, and modified the mutation operator to make it more suitable for routing planning. The disadvantage of the optimized route obtained by the grid system is not smooth, therefore this paper introduced the smoothing operator to solve this problem. By sampling the waypoints of the optimized route to obtain its critical waypoints, the shape preserving piecewise cubic Hermite interpolation of the critical waypoint is carried out to obtain a smoother route. Simulation experiments of minimum voyage time routes on Norfolk and Lisbon had been conducted to demonstrate the capability of the algorithm within its framework.
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