To explore the feasibility of applying flash visual evoked potentials (FVEPs) for visual function test newborns and infants and bring out the consultable laboratory values of FVEPs. The technology of FVEP could be used as diagnostic tests for those who failed the screening and the infants who were cared for in the NICU.41 normal neonates (
To explore the clinical strategies for the screening of newborn eye diseases and obtain information concerning the incidence of newborn ocular diseases.Newborns in a baby-friendly nursery were evaluated for mass screening of eye diseases 2 to 7 days after birth (including reaction to light stimulation, external ocular examination and test for pupil red reflex) and those with abnormalities were subjected to diagnostic examination (external ocular examination with a hand-held slit-lamp, pupil red reflex and mydriatic examination). Newborns in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were subjected to screening 5 to 14 days after birth and then, together with those with high risk factors, received a comprehensive examination for screening and diagnostic purposes. The suspected cases were referred to department of ophthalmology for definite diagnosis.Among the 15,398 (91.65%) newborns who were enrolled the screening program, 12 different eye diseases (involving 1266 cases) were detected, with a prevalence of 8.22%. Of these eye diseases, 7 were congenital ocular diseases, involving 809 cases (5. 254%) and including congenital ptosis in 2 cases (0.013%), congenital corneal opacity in 6 cases (0.039%), persistent pupillary membrane in 724 cases (4.702%), congenital cataract in 15 cases (0.097%), persistent hyaloid artery in 54 cases (0.351%), obstruction of nasolacrimal duct in 7 cases (0.046%) and lacrimal gland prolapse in 1 cases (0.007%). Five different diseases (457 cases, 2. 968%) detected were acquired in nature, including neonatal conjunctivitis in 391 case (2.539%), vitreous hemorrhage in 6 cases (0.039%), retinal hemorrhage in 34 cases (0.221%), and neonatal dacryocystitis in 23 cases (0.149%). Of 27 premature babies with body weight lower than 1500 g, 3 had retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, 6 eyes involved).Early intervention is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of neonatal ocular diseases. The screening of newborn ocular diseases is not only feasible but also effective in the monitoring and control of the eye diseases in neonates.
To explore the model and the feasibility of newborn hearing and ocular disease simultaneous screening program and to study the birth prevalence of newborn hearing loss and newborn ocular diseases.The universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) was performed using transient otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) in well baby nursery and by a two-stage TEOAE and auto auditory brainstem response (AABR) protocol in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The UNHS was simultaneous done with newborn ocular disease screening program. The examination technical method was following: the response to light, external inspection of the eyes and lids, pupil examination, red reflex examination, funduscope examination after pupil dilation for referral (for all newborn in NICU). The infants who were referred by two-stage hearing screening and/or had high-risk factors of hearing loss received following-up and routine audiological evaluation and personalized intervention from 6 months to 3 years of age. The cases had positive sign and (or) abnormal results of the ocular disease screening were referred for further examination by pediatric ophthalmologists.A total of 16 800 children born in Jinan Maternal and Child Hospital from October 1, 2002 to April 30, 2005. Of these infants, 15 398 cases (91.7%) had access to the simultaneous screening program for hearing and ocular diseases. The incidence of congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among infants who did UNHS was 0.312% (48/15 398) in bilateral and 0.227% (35/15 398) in unilateral; Of the 4 cases of congenital SNHL complicated with newborn ocular diseases: 1 profound SNHL (bilateral), auditory neuropathy with congenital cataract (bilateral), 1 mild SNHL (bilateral) with membrana papillaris perseverance (left) and 1 mild SNHL (bilateral) with retina vein dilatation (bilateral), 1 mild SNHL (right) with persistent hyaloid artery (bilateral). In all 15 398 newborns, 15 neonates with congenital cataract were detected (22 eyes, 0.10%). Twenty seven neonates with less than 1500 g birth weight admitted to NICU, retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 3 neonates (6 eyes).Hearing loss and ocular diseases was not rare in neonatal and infancy. Newborn hearing and ocular disease simultaneous screening program was not only feasible but also effective in detecting hearing loss and (or) ocular disorders. Early intervention was important for the prevention or treatment of neonatal hearing loss and (or) ocular diseases, such as newborn hearing loss with congenital cataract, retinopathy of prematurity and so on.
Trabecular meshwork (TM) cell volume may be an important determinant of aqueous humor outflow in the eye. This study aimed to evaluate the role of HepII domain peptides V on corneal permeability, corneal endothelial cells, intraocular pressure (IOP) and morphology of trabecular meshwork in rats.The IOP of rat eyes was measured before and 3, 5, 7 and 8 hours after topical delivery of HepII domain peptides V through intracameral injections. The peptide's concentration in aqueous humor was assessed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The shape and density of endothelial cells were observed by laser confocal microscopy 8 hours, 3 and 14 days after intracameral injections of HepII domain peptides V. The morphological changes in TM of rat eyes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Intracameral injection of HepII domain peptides V significantly (P < 0.001) decreased IOP by (5.71 ± 2.10) mmHg in rats at 5 hours after injection. There were no obvious changes of the shape and the density of corneal endothelial cells. In addition, morphological changes in the TM of rats were observed including the expansion of intercellular spaces in the juxtacanalicular meshwork, removal of extracellular material, cellular relaxation, and cytoskeleton reorganization.HepII domain peptides V could not penetrate cornea and was safe to corneal endothelial cells. HepII domain peptides V could significantly decrease IOP in rat probably by disorganizing actin cytoskeleton and cell-junction in the TM.
Objective To summarize the traumatic features of fronto-orbital injury and evaluate its outcome with primary surgical treatment. Methods The clinical data and surgical operative procedures of 26 patients with fronto-orbital injury were analyzed retrospectively.Results The traumatic characteristics of the 26 patients with fronto-orbital injuries are as follows: mild disturbance of consciousness, severe fronto-orbital deformities, and high frequency of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and cranial nerve injuries. Follow-up of 6-12 months was performed; according to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), 19 patients had good results, 6 moderate disability, and 1 severe disability; according to scale of Jennett and Bond's plastic surgical outcome, among the 17 patients received correction of fronto-orbital deformities, excellent scores were noted in 12 patients and good in 5. Cerebrospinal leakage was effectively obstructed in 7 patients. Visual acuity improved obviously in 2 patients after decompression of optic canal.Conclusion For patients with fronto-orbital injuries, the primary surgical operative procedures include evacuation of intracranial hematoma and contused brain tissue, correction of fronto-orbital deformities, decompression of optic canal, repair of CSF leak, which may be conductive to improving the neural function and decreasing the intracranial infection.
Key words:
Frontal fracture; Orbital fracture; Surgery
Confined migration of hot electrons is presented in nanorods of layered Ag/graphene/TiO2 structure for highly efficient plasmonic photocatalytic water treatment. The light-illuminating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods provide a large amount of high-energy hot electrons for the generation of highly-active superoxide radical (*O2-) that leads to the degradation of organics in water. Comparison between photocatalytic processing efficiency by photocatalysts with various composite materials were presented based on the preferred propagation path of induced hot electrons that leads to generation of *O2-. The best results done by Ag/graphene/TiO2 nanorods showed that the sandwiched layer of graphene on TiO2 nanorods collects the induced hot electrons and results in high efficiency photocatalytic reaction.
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