Organized development from isolated protoplasts using a single protocol has been obtained with two bryophyte species, one fern species, and 34 dicotyledonous species. Regeneration is described here for the first time with the dicotyledonous species Cyphomandra betacea, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Linum catharticum , and Senecio fuchsii . In co‐cultures with a Solanum hybrid, interfamilial and even interdivisional support was observed acting at different developmental steps. The results are discussed with respect to standardization of culture conditions, variety of morphogenic pathways, and interspecific correlations such as tolerance, allelopathy and nursery/feeding in unrelated systems.
Abstract Developmental pathways from isolated protoplasts were investigated with the moss Funaria hygrometrica , the liverwort Anthoceros crispulus , and the fern Anogramma leptophylla . Gametophytic protoplasts regenerated gametophytes. Apospory was obtained with sporophytic protoplasts of the moss and the fern. The archegoniates also grew in interdivisional co‐cultures with solanaceous species.
Summary Isolated protoplasts of 60 species of the Magnoliatae and 19 species of the Liliatae were embedded in droplets of agarose‐containing media in such a way that streaks of locally high cell densities were obtained. For comparison, agarose cultures with dispersed protoplasts and liquid cultures were prepared. Fast and reliable regeneration was obtained in several taxa. After transfer to low osmolar media, shoots were formed in 18 species belonging to the genera Arabidopsis, Asparagus, Biscutella, Brassica, Cichorium, Clianthus, Hypericum, Nicotiana, Petunia, Reseda, Senecio , and Solanum . Only protoplast‐derived callus which did not organize shoots was grown in species of Agrimonia, Daucus, Cucumis, Duchesnea, Helianthus, Potentilla, Prunus, Reseda, Solanum, Sorbus, Spinacia , and Vicia .