6 paginas, 1 tabla.--Trabajo presentado a las XXXIX Congreso Nacional y XV Internacional de la Sociedad Espanola de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia (SEOC), (Ourense, 17-19 de septiembre de 2014).
ResumenEn Uruguay el diagnóstico de rutina de Neospora caninum se realiza fundamentalmente por estudios histopatológicos de los fetos abortados, complementando esta información con resultados de serología y/o Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ).El objetivo de este estudio fue estandarizar un protocolo de amplificación de secuencias mediante PCR (polymerase chain reaction) para la detección de Neospora caninum en órganos de fetos abortados espontáneamente en bovinos para su incorporación a la rutina diagnóstica.Con este propósito se realizó un estudio retrospectivo utilizando muestras congeladas de archivo, de un periodo comprendido entre los años 2013 y 2016, con diagnóstico positivo o negativo a Neospora caninum.Los resultados mostraron que de 31 muestras positivas a Neospora caninum por las técnicas de rutina, 26 fueron positivas por PCR (84%), demostrando una alta sensibilidad de diagnóstico de esta técnica.Todas las muestras con diagnóstico negativo mediante histopatología (n=20) fueron confirmadas como negativo mediante PCR.La comparación de los resultados de PCR con los de histopatología, mediante el test de Cohen's Kappa, señalaron un acuerdo muy alto (81%, p<0.001) entre ambos diagnósticos.Dichos resultados sumados a la simplicidad y rapidez de la técnica podrían sugerir a la PCR como alternativo de la IHQ como técnica confirmatoria en el diagnóstico de rutina.También permitiría realizar análisis retrospectivos de muestras archivadas, paso fundamental para futuros estudios genéticos de la población de Neospora caninum presente en Uruguay.
Abstract Background Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite, and its ability to survive inside host immune cells may be a key mechanism for the establishment of infection in cattle. In vitro studies carried out by our group have shown that N. caninum is able to replicate in bovine macrophages (MØs), alter their microbicidal mechanisms and exploit their motility. Furthermore, host-cell control seems to be isolate virulence-dependent. Methods To investigate the molecular basis underlying the innate responses in MØs against N. caninum and the mechanisms of parasite manipulation of the host cell environment, the transcriptome profile of bovine monocyte-derived MØs infected with high-virulence (Nc-Spain7) or low-virulence (Nc-Spain1H) N. caninum isolates was studied. Results Functional enrichment revealed upregulation of genes involved in chemokine signalling, inflammation, cell survival, and inhibition of genes related with metabolism and phagolysosome formation. MØs activation was characterized by the induction of a predominantly M1 phenotype with expression of TLR2 , TLR3 and TLR9 and activation of the NF-ƙB signalling pathway. Heat-killed N. caninum tachyzoites failed to activate NF-ƙB, and to inhibit lysosomal activity and apoptosis, which indicates active modulation by the parasite. The FoxO signalling pathway, Th1-Th2 differentiation, glycosaminoglycan degradation and apoptosis were pathways enriched only for low virulent Nc-Spain1H infection. In addition, Nc-Spain1H infection upregulated the IL12A and IL8 pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas IL23 was downregulated by high virulent Nc-Spain7. Conclusions This study revealed mechanisms implicated in the recognition of N. caninum by bovine MØs and in the development of the subsequent immune response. NF-ƙB seems to be the main signalling pathway implicated in the pro-inflammatory bovine MØs response against this pathogen. Apoptosis and phagolysosome maturation are processes repressed by N. caninum infection, which may guarantee its intracellular survival. The results also indicate that Nc-Spain7 may be able to partially circumvent the pro-inflammatory response whereas Nc-Spain1H induces a protective response to infection, which may explain the more efficient transmission of the high-virulence Nc-Spain7 isolate observed in vivo .
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Trabajo presentado al: ApiCOWplexa 2015 3rd lnternational Meeting on Apicomplexan Parasites in Farm Animals. (Edinburgh, Escocia, Reino Unido, 30 junio-3 julio 2015).
The relation between gestational age and foetal death risk in ovine toxoplasmosis is already known, but the mechanisms involved are not yet clear. In order to study how the stage of gestation influences these mechanisms, pregnant sheep of the same age and genetic background were orally dosed with 50 oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii (M4 isolate) at days 40 (G1), 90 (G2) and 120 (G3) of gestation. In each group, four animals were culled on the second, third and fourth week post infection (pi) in order to evaluate parasite load and distribution, and lesions in target organs. Ewes from G1 showed a longer period of hyperthermia than the other groups. Abortions occurred in all groups. While in G2 they were more frequent during the acute phase of the disease, in G3 they mainly occurred after day 20 pi. After challenge, parasite and lesions in the placentas and foetuses were detected from day 19 pi in G3 while in G2 or G1 they were only detected at day 26 pi. However, after initial detection at day 19 pi, parasite burden, measured through RT-PCR, in placenta or foetus of G3 did not increase significantly and, at in the third week pi it was lower than that measured in foetal liver or placenta from G1 to G3 respectively. These results show that the period of gestation clearly influences the parasite multiplication and development of lesions in the placenta and foetus and, as a consequence, the clinical course in ovine toxoplasmosis.