A new technology is found for Ge extraction. The resultant Ge recovery reached over 75%,while the conventional distillation of Ge enriched material can only result in 30%～40% of Ge recovery.
Soil waterlogging is a major environmental stress that suppresses the growth and productivity of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Natural genetic variations in waterlogging tolerance (WT) were observed but no QTL mapping has been done for WT related traits in rapeseed. In this study, QTL associated with three WT related traits including relative root length (RRL), relative hypocotyl length (RHL) and relative fresh weight (RFW) were dissected using a set of reciprocal introgression lines (ILs) derived from the cross GH01×ZS9, which showed significant difference in WT. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) of the populations were performed, totally 1 468 and 1 450 binned SNPs were identified for GIL (GH01 as the recurrent parent) and ZIL (ZS9 as the recurrent parent) population, respectively. A total of 66 distinct QTLs for WT at the seedling establishment stage including 31 for RRL, 17 for RHL and 18 for RFW were detected. Among the 66 QTLs, 20 (29.4%) QTLs were detected in both genetic backgrounds and then they were integrated into six QTL clusters, which can be targeted in rapeseed breeding for improvement of WT through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Based on the physical positions of SNPs and the functional annotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 56 genes within the six QTL cluster regions were selected as preliminary candidate genes, then the resequencing and transcriptome information about parents were applied to narrow the extent of candidate genes. Twelve genes were determined as candidates for the six QTL clusters, some of them involved in RNA/protein degradation, most of them involved in oxidation-reduction process. These findings provided genetic resources, candidate genes to address the urgent demand of improving WT in rapeseed breeding.
The organoleptic quality,physicochemical property and bacteriology of soft packaging ready-to-eat jellyfish products sampled from Zhanjiang market were analyzed.The result showed that differences of the samples were in the water content,salt content,water activity and pH value,being of 93.56%~95.03%,2.36%~3.42%,2.36%~3.42% and 4.13~5.07,respectively.And the salt and moisture showed significant impact on the color and taste of product.Lower sodium chloride content led to darker color while higher moisture content resulted in the lower deteriorated taste,crispness and decreased toughness.The average total bacterial count of the products was 2.6×102 cfu/g;Coliform bacteria count was less than 30 MPN/100g;and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was less than 3.0 MPN/g.More positive potential pathogens,such as the Salmonella,Bacillus cereus,and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus were not detected.36 strains of the bacterium were isolated,88.9% of which was determined as Gram-negative bacillus by morphological observation.And 8.3% of the isolated starains were Gram-positive non spore coccobacteria and about 2.8% were determined as Gram-positive spore coccobacteria.Consequently,in the appropriate storage condition,it was confirmed that the quality of Soft Packaging ready-to-eat jellyfish meet the acceptance criteria of sensual quality,nutrition,identity shelf life and health and safety.
Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is an important oilseed crop globally. However, its growth and production are significantly influenced by cold stress. To reveal the protective role of exogenous melatonin (MEL) in cold tolerance, rapeseed seedlings were pretreated with different concentrations of MEL before cold stress. The results indicated that the survival rate was increased significantly by the MEL pretreatment under cold stress. Seedlings pretreated with 0.01 g L−1 MEL were all survived and were used to analyze the physiological characteristics and the expression level of various genes related to cold tolerance. Under cold stress, exogenous MEL significantly increased the contents of proline, soluble sugar, and soluble protein; while the malondialdehyde content was decreased by exogenous MEL under cold stress. On the other hand, the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were also significantly enhanced. The results also showed that MEL treatment significantly upregulated the expression of Cu-SOD, COR6.6 (cold-regulated), COR15, and CBFs (C-repeat binding factor) genes under cold stress. It was suggested exogenous MEL improved the content of osmotic regulatory substances to maintain the balance of cellular osmotic potential under cold stress and improved the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species by strengthening the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the cold-related genes expression.
The extraction conditions of polyphenols from guava by ultrasound were studied in this paper.Ultrasonic power,ethanol concertration,solid to liquid ratio,ultrasonic time conditions were tested in the single factor experiments,through response surface methodology,the regression equation of polyphenols extraction rate was obtained.The optimum technological condition are determined as: ultrasonic power is 350 W,ethanol concertration is 40%,solid to liquid ratio is 1∶30(m∶V) and the yield is 4.65 mg/g.
Response surface methodology was used to optimize the autotrophic cultivation conditions for lipids production by Chlorella vulgaris in a 2 L airlift photobioreactor. In the first optimization step, a plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of ten related factors and it was found out that KNO3 concentration, temperature and CO2 concentration influenced lipids production significantly. Subsequently, the path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the cultivation conditions. In the third step, KNO3 concentration, temperature and CO2 concentration were further optimized using central composite designs and response surface analysis and the optimum conditions were that KNO3 concentration was 0.31 g/L, temperature was 26.5 ℃ and CO2 concentration was 6.80%. Under optimum conditions, the lipid yield was 0.42g/L and it was increased by two times than that under the conditions before optimized. Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in a 10 L airlift photobioreactor under optimum conditions.
Objective:To determine and analyze the bacterial pollution during the making of the uncooked dish of jellyfish.Methods:Samples from the processing links such as materials,seasoner,water used,disinfectant container,hands of workers and the environmental air,were determined the bacteria pollution;Total count of bacteria colonies,coliform and the latent pathogens were determined when acetarious jellyfish was cured 0,1,3 and 5 h.Results:Coliform and pathogens were not detected during the curing under room temperature;the bacteria tended to decrease within 5 h.The bacteria in the used water and ice water were up to 3.5×104 cfu/g and 2.8×104 cfu/g,respectively.They don't fit the drinking water criterion and cause serious bacteria contamination in acetarious jellyfish;the total bacteria in material have great influence on acetarious jellyfish.Conclusion:The microorganism should be inspected during the processing links of acetarious jellyfish,and proper disinfection and antisepticise measures should be taken to insure the sanitation security of acetarious foods.
Utilizing vertical measurement data of O_3 and NO_2 obtained from the Tianjin 225 m meteorological tower and weather data during August 8-24,2007,we calculated O_3 and NO_2 concentrations at the heights of 40,120 and 220 m.We dealt with the temporal,spatial and vertical distributions of O_3 and NO_2 and discussed the relationship to meteorological factors.The results indicated that the O_3 concentration took on obvious regularities in temporal and vertical distributions,and significant difference existed between day and night.Under normal circumstances,the average concentration of O_3 at 220 m is the largest,120 m the second,and 40 m the minimum.Positive correlation between O_3 concentration and temperature and wind speed,and negative correlation between O_3 concentration and relative humidity,was obtained.Most daily variation of NO_2 had two apices,and low NO_2 concentrations in day and small differences in vertical distribution were obtained.In night,due to the stable boundary layer,the lower the height,the bigger the NO_2 concentration.The correlations between NO_2 concentration and temperature and wind speed were negative;however,the correlation between NO_2 concentration and relative humidity was more complex,being positive in day and negative in night.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic (PBPK/PBTK) models are designed to elucidate the mechanism of chemical compound action in organisms based on the physiological, biochemical, anatomical, and thermodynamic properties of organisms. After nearly a century of research and practice, good results have been achieved in the fields of medicine, environmental science, and ecology. However, there is currently a lack of a more systematic review of progress in the main research directions of PBPK models, especially a more comprehensive understanding of the application in aquatic environmental research. In this review, a total of 3974 articles related to PBPK models from 1996 to 24 March 2024 were collected. Then, the main research areas of the PBPK model were categorized based on the keyword co-occurrence maps and cluster maps obtained by CiteSpace. The results showed that research related to medicine is the main application area of PBPK. Four major research directions included in the medical field were “drug assessment”, “cross-species prediction”, “drug–drug interactions”, and “pediatrics and pregnancy drug development”, in which “drug assessment” accounted for 55% of the total publication volume. In addition, bibliometric analyses indicated a rapid growth trend in the application in the field of environmental research, especially in predicting the residual levels in organisms and revealing the relationship between internal and external exposure. Despite facing the limitation of insufficient species-specific parameters, the PBPK model is still an effective tool for improving the understanding of chemical–biological effectiveness and will provide a theoretical basis for accurately assessing potential risks to ecosystems and human health. The combination with the quantitative structure–activity relationship model, Bayesian method, and machine learning technology are potential solutions to the previous research gaps.
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