To establish a simple method of measuring hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in cultured living cells.Filtration membrane was stuck on the lid of cell culture plate. H2S released from cultured cells was trapped by zinc acetate to generate ZnS deposition. Then the ZnS trapped in the filtration membrane was measured by methylene blue assay and the H2S production from the living cells was counted according to the standard curve. This simple method was used to access the H2S release in HepG2 (high expression CBS and CSE) and HUVEC (low expression CSE) cell lines.H2S generation in cultured HepG2 cells assayed using the present method was (859.39±19.12) nmol/(min×10(6) cells). PAG (CSE inhibitor), HA (CBS inhibitor) or the two-inhibitor (PAG+HA) treatment significantly lowered H2S release, respectively: (341.34±105.90) nmol/(min×10(6) cells), (375.05±174.50) nmol/(min×10(6) cells), and (204.47±97.14) nmol/(min×10(6) cells). The H2S production of HUVEC was (26.23±3.24) nmol/(min×10(6) cells) (about 1/30 production of HepG2 cell). Trypan blue assay showed that the cell viability was greater than 95%, suggesting that there was no cytotoxicity by using the present instrument.The modified instrument in cell culture plate lid was feasible for detection of hydrogen sulfide release in living cells.
We have learned that the existing mobile e-mail solutions have some deficiencies, such as unsatisfied real-time features, poor mobility and so on. To avoid these problems, we propose a new way to design and implement an Enterprise Mobile E-mail System (EMES) with SyncML protocol. Our method explicitly takes into account the applications and the new needs of EMES. The result shows that we can resolve real-time, security, mobility, economy and synchronous problems in EMES.
To prepare intelligent controllable oil/water separation materials with high mechanical stability and good recyclability, we fabricated a novel pH-controlled wettability melamine sponge by using a facile dip-coating method. The coated sponge exhibits reversibly switchable wettability between superhydrophilicity-superoleophobicity through acidic surrounding and superhydrophobicity-superoleophilicity under neutral or alkaline conditions. The as-prepared sponge possesses excellent absorption capacity (46.06-122.81 g/g) and oil/water separation efficiency (above 98%). The coated sponge also has good mechanical stability and recyclability which means it can be reused for absorption and oil/water separation. This smart porous material, which can flexibly transform wettability on demand, has great application prospects in oil/water separation.
Steam reforming (SR) of dimethyl ether (DME) is one of the promising ways to produce hydrogen for fuel cells (FCs) [1]. DME is harmless with a high H/C ratio, handling DME is easy because it is liquefied under ca. 6 atm and conventional facilities providing LPG can be used due to the similarity of DME to LPG.Coppper based materials were considered as good catalyst for DME SR [2]. However the durability of copper based catalysts is not good because of the copper sintering as reaction running. There are two ways to improve the durability of copper based catalysts, one is to enhance the dispersion of copper or to improve the thermal stability of copper by forming a spinel oxide or alloy [3]. γ-Al 2 O 3 was used as support. The Cu/ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3, Cu/ZnO/Cr 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 and Cu/ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The nitrates were impregnated into support for 6 h, then dried at 323 K for 12 h, calcined at 823 K for 4h. The DME SR was carried out with a fixed bed flow reactor under atmospheric pressure using 1 g of catalyst at 773 K. After the catalyst was reduced by 12 v% H 2 /Ar at 503 K for 3 h, the mixed gas of DME and N 2 (20 v%) were fed into the reactor with GHSV=500 ml/(g·h), the water was pumped into the reactor though a 473 K heater. The H/C ratio was 3. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TPR, SEM, and BET. Steam reforming of DME was carried out at 773 K over Cu/ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 , Cu/ZnO/Cr 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 and Cu/ZnO/Fe 2 O 3 /γ-Al 2 O 3 catalysts. The conversion of DME and the hydrogen yield reached 100% and 87% respectively for Cu/ZnO/γ-Al 2 O 3 at the initial stage. The durability of this catalyst exhibted degradation. After running for 97 h, the hydrogen yield decreased to less than 60%. The reason for this degradation was supposed to be the sintering of copper, therefore, a metal oxide with better thermal stability was added into the catalyst to prevent the sintering of copper. The time-on-stream results indicate that the addtion of Cr 2 O 3 or Fe 2 O 3 can improve the durability of the catalyst for DME SR significantly. After running for 100 h, the hydrogen yield was kept at 84% and 85%, respectively. Figure 1 is the time-on-stream result of DME conversion over Cu/ZnO/ Cr 2 O 3 . Figure 1 is the time-on-stream result of DME conversion over Cu/ZnO/ Fe 2 O 3 . The mechanism of the improvement of the durability of catalysts were further investigated by XRD, SEM, BET and TPR. Figure 1
The emulsifying ability of the naturally occurring surfactant deoxycholic acid (DCA) was improved by dynamic interaction with nanometric layered particles, layered double hydroxide (LDH). As DCA molecules are rigid due to the facial configuration of hydrophobic-hydrophilic groups, they tend to form molecular aggregation in an acidic condition or imbalanced water-lipid ratios. In this study, the homogeneous hybrids of DCA and LDH were obtained by the in situ growth of LDH at a DCA molecule. The DCA-LDH hybrid successfully prevented the molecular aggregation of DCA at an acidic pH and imbalanced water-to-oil ratio. The dynamic light scattering showed that the hydrodynamic radius of micelle in the emulsion made with DCA-LDH maintained its small size (<500 nm), while upon pH change and dilution with water, that made with DCA only uncontrollably increased up to ~3000 nm. The polydispersity index value of the DCA-LDH emulsion remained constant (<0.3) after the pH change and dilution with water, indicating the high stability of the formulation. Furthermore, time-dependent turbidity monitoring revealed that the DCA-only formulation suffered from serious coalescence and creaming compared with the DCA-LDH formulation. It is suggested that the dynamic interaction between LDH layers and DCA prevented molecular aggregation under unfavorable conditions for the oil-in-water emulsion.
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