The biological behavior of thyroid cancer in children has been known to be different from that in adults. We sought to understand the differences between DTC presentation in pediatric (<16 years) and adult patients, to guide better prognosis and clinical treatments.This retrospective study included 48 pediatric patients younger than 16 years who underwent initial thyroid surgery and were diagnosed with DTC between January 1992 and December 2014 at Yonsei University in Seoul, South Korea. For a 1:4 propensity score-matched analysis, adult patients with matched sex and cancer size were included.The mean age was 12.54 ± 3.01 years. Total thyroidectomy (70.8%) without lateral lymph node dissection (47.9%) was the most commonly performed surgery. Central (73.9%) and lateral neck node metastases (62.5%) were common; distant metastasis was observed in 2 (4.2%) patients and recurrence occurred in 11 (22.9%). In propensity score-matched analysis, central lymph node metastasis and lateral neck node metastasis were significantly more frequent in pediatric patients. Symptoms were more common in the pediatric group than in the adult group (p < 0.001). In stratified cox regression, pediatric patients were more likely to experience recurrence [HR 5.339 (1.239-23.007)]. In stratified log-rank analysis, recurrence-free survival was significantly different between the adult and pediatric groups (p = 0.0209).DTC in the pediatric group revealed more aggressive patterns than in the adult group with the same cancer size. Central lymph node metastasis and lateral neck node metastasis were more frequent. Stratified log-rank analysis revealed that recurrence was significantly higher in pediatric patients than in matched adult patients.
With the increasing incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (FPTMC) is now recognized more frequently. However, the biological behavior of FPTMC is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of FPTMC and its biological aggressiveness.Between March 2006 and July 2010, 2,414 patients underwent primary surgical therapy for PTMC and 149 (6.2%) were further classified as FPTMC. To determine the biological aggressiveness of FPTMC, we compared the clinicopathological features and prognosis between FPTMC and sporadic PTMC (SPTMC).The male-to-female ratio was higher in FPTMC than in sporadic papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (SPTMC: 1:4.5 vs. 1:7.2, P = 0.041). The central lymph node (LN) metastasis rate was significantly higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (36.2% vs. 24.2%, P = 0.002). The local recurrence rate was also higher in FPTMC than in SPTMC (4.5% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001). We identified familial occurrence in 6.2% of cases of PTMC. FPTMC is associated with a high rate of central LN metastasis and local recurrence.These findings suggest that close follow-up can be beneficial in FPTMC patients to detect local recurrence.
Breast augmentation with implants is a common cosmetic procedure. Some endoscopic thyroid procedures can pose a risk of damage to the augmented breast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of transaxillary gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy in patients with augmented breast.Between January 2009 and December 2010, 120 patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomies. Of those, 6 patients had previously undergone breast augmentation. Augmented breasts were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively in terms of shape and stability.All patients were female, and the mean age was 40.8 years. All patients received breast augmentation with silicone cohesive gel 2 to 10 years prior to thyroidectomy. Postoperatively, the authors found that there were no changes to the breasts in terms of anterior-posterior projections and internal angles. The augmented breasts remained stable.Endoscopic thyroidectomy via a transaxillary approach is safe and effective for patients who have undergone silicone breast implant augmentation.
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