T. W. Hilton

GNS Science

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Mary Whelan

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

Joseph A. Berry

Carnegie Institution for Science

K. J. Davis

Pennsylvania State University

J. Elliott Campbell

University of California, Santa Cruz

Andrew Zumkehr

University of California, Merced

Elizabeth D. Keller

GNS Science

J. E. Campbell

University of California, Merced

Max Berkelhammer

University of Colorado Boulder

M. E. Litvak

University of New Mexico

Daniel Krofcheck

University of New Mexico

Cooperative Institutions

University of California, Berkeley

Pennsylvania State University

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

Los Alamos National Laboratory

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

University of Colorado Boulder

University of California, Los Angeles

University of California, Santa Cruz

Carnegie Institution for Science

Goddard Space Flight Center

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Peak growing season gross uptake of carbon in North America is largest in the Midwest USA

Nature Climate Change (2017)

T. W. Hilton Mary Whelan Andrew Zumkehr Sarika Kulkarni Joseph A. Berry

Carbonyl sulfide

TRACER

Terrestrial ecosystem

Growing season

10.1038/nclimate3272

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Citations (57)

Uncertainty in CO 2 Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) Explains Discrepancies in a Critical Parameter for Quantifying GPP with Carbonyl Sulfide

2014 AGU Fall Meeting (2014)

T. W. Hilton Andrew Zumkehr S. Kulkarni Joseph A. Berry Mary Whelan

Carbonyl sulfide

Primary (astronomy)

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Reviews and syntheses: Carbonyl sulfide as a multi-scale tracer for carbon and water cycles

Biogeosciences (2018)

Mary Whelan Sinikka T. Lennartz Teresa E. Gimeno Richard Wehr Georg Wohlfahrt

Abstract. For the past decade, observations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS or COS) have been investigated as a proxy for carbon uptake by plants. OCS is destroyed by enzymes that interact with CO2 during photosynthesis, namely carbonic anhydrase (CA) and RuBisCO, where CA is the more important one. The majority of sources of OCS to the atmosphere are geographically separated from this large plant sink, whereas the sources and sinks of CO2 are co-located in ecosystems. The drawdown of OCS can therefore be related to the uptake of CO2 without the added complication of co-located emissions comparable in magnitude. Here we review the state of our understanding of the global OCS cycle and its applications to ecosystem carbon cycle science. OCS uptake is correlated well to plant carbon uptake, especially at the regional scale. OCS can be used in conjunction with other independent measures of ecosystem function, like solar-induced fluorescence and carbon and water isotope studies. More work needs to be done to generate global coverage for OCS observations and to link this powerful atmospheric tracer to systems where fundamental questions concerning the carbon and water cycle remain.

Carbonyl sulfide

Water cycle

TRACER

Carbon sink

Sink (geography)

Carbon fibers

10.5194/bg-15-3625-2018

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Citations (163)

Photosynthesis in high definition

Nature Climate Change (2017)

T. W. Hilton

Foundation (evidence)

10.1038/s41558-017-0040-6

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Citations (3)

Is there a signal of sea‐level rise in Chesapeake Bay salinity?

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2008)

T. W. Hilton Raymond G. Najjar Laijin Zhong Ming Li

We evaluate the hypothesis that sea‐level rise over the second half of the 20th century has led to detectable increases in Chesapeake Bay salinity. We exploit a simple, statistical model that predicts monthly mean salinity as a function of Susquehanna River flow in 23 segments of the main stem Chesapeake Bay. The residual (observed minus modeled) salinity exhibits statistically significant linear ( p < 0.05) trends between 1949 and 2006 in 13 of the 23 segments of the bay. The salinity change estimated from the trend line over this period varies from −2.0 to 2.2, with 10 of the 13 cells showing positive changes. The mean and median salinity changes over all 23 cells are 0.47 and 0.72; over the 13 cells with significant trends they are 0.71 and 1.1. We ran a hydrodynamic model of the bay under present‐day and reduced sea level conditions and found a bay‐average salinity increase of about 0.5, which supports the hypothesis that the salinity residual trends have a significant component due to sea‐level rise. Uncertainties remain, however, due to the spatial and temporal extent of historical salinity data and the infilling of the bay due to sedimentation. The salinity residuals also exhibit interannual variability, with peaks occurring at intervals of roughly 7 to 9 years, which are partially explained by Atlantic Shelf salinity, Potomac River flow and the meridional component of wind stress.

Chesapeake bay

10.1029/2007jc004247

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Citations (86)

Quantifying the vulnerability of carbon stocks and fluxes in six semi-arid biomes in the Southwestern US to the severe 2011-2013 drought (Invited)

AGUFM (2013)

M. E. Litvak Daniel Krofcheck T. W. Hilton A. M. Fox

Biome

Vulnerability

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Assessing a New Clue to How Much Carbon Plants Take Up

Eos (2017)

J. Elliott Campbell J. Kesselmeier Dan Yakir Joseph A. Berry Philippe Peylin

Current climate models disagree on how much carbon dioxide land ecosystems take up for photosynthesis. Tracking the stronger carbonyl sulfide signal could help.

Carbonyl sulfide

Carbon fibers

10.1029/2017eo075313

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Citations (7)

Dataset associated with the manuscript "A comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks of Australasia's carbon budget" by Villalobos et al. (2023), part of the the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Yohanna Villalobos Josep G. Canadell Elizabeth D. Keller Peter Briggs Beata Bukosa

Dataset associated with the manuscript "A comprehensive assessment of anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks of Australasia’s carbon budget" by Villalobos et al. (2023), part of the the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP-2).

Carbon fibers

10.5281/zenodo.8432132

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Land surface model parameterization strategies and North American regional CO2 flux interannual variability examined with a simple land surface model

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2010)

T. W. Hilton K. J. Davis K. Keller

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Turbulent CO2 Flux Measurements by Lidar: Length Scales, Results and Comparison with In-Situ Sensors

Fabien Gilbert Grady J. Koch Jeffrey Y. Beyon T. W. Hilton K. J. Davis

The vertical CO2 flux in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is investigated with a Doppler differential absorption lidar (DIAL). The instrument was operated next to the WLEF instrumented tall tower in Park Falls, Wisconsin during three days and nights in June 2007. Profiles of turbulent CO2 mixing ratio and vertical velocity fluctuations are measured by in-situ sensors and Doppler DIAL. Time and space scales of turbulence are precisely defined in the ABL. The eddy-covariance method is applied to calculate turbulent CO2 flux both by lidar and in-situ sensors. We show preliminary mean lidar CO2 flux measurements in the ABL with a time and space resolution of 6 h and 1500 m respectively. The flux instrumental errors decrease linearly with the standard deviation of the CO2 data, as expected. Although turbulent fluctuations of CO2 are negligible with respect to the mean (0.1 %), we show that the eddy-covariance method can provide 2-h, 150-m range resolved CO2 flux estimates as long as the CO2 mixing ratio instrumental error is no greater than 10 ppm and the vertical velocity error is lower than the natural fluctuations over a time resolution of 10 s.

Dial

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