Annotation of the regulated genes. This list of probes corresponds to the differential probes from the linear mixed model, the pairwise analysis and the discriminating analysis. From this list, 1,394 probes were localized on porcine chromosomes (XLSX 650Â kb)
Additional file 9 ATAC-seq peaks (coordinates, quantification, positional classification): the archive contains four folders, one for each species (bos_taurus, capra_hircus, gallus_gallus, sus_scrofa). Each folder contains the following six files:• mergedpeaks_allinfo_gn_frag.tsv• mergedpeaks_allinfo_tr_frag.tsv• mergedpeaks_allinfo_tr_ref.tsv• mergedpeaks_allinfo_gn_ref.tsv• mergedpeaks.peaknb.allexp.readnb.bed.readme.idx• mergedpeaks.peaknb.allexp.readnb.bed
La démocratisation des outils de la génomique et plus particulièrement du séquençage à haut débit a permis le séquençage du génome du canard commun. Des projets complémentaires sont déjà initiés pour prolonger et exploiter au mieux ces premiers acquis. En tout premier lieu, il s’agit de poursuivre la description de la structure du génome et d’en exploiter les connaissances : cartes d’hybrides irradiés pour ordonner la séquence le long des chromosomes ; génomique comparée avec le génome de la poule pour bénéficier des connaissances sur ce génome modèle ; recherche de SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) pour les études et la gestion de populations ; carte génétique pour la détection des QTL (Quantitative Trait Locus). La première détection de QTL influençant les performances du mulard, réalisée à l’aide de marqueurs microsatellites chez la cane commune, sera complétée par une seconde étude utilisant des marqueurs SNP développés spécifiquement et permettant une bien meilleure couverture du génome. Par ailleurs, il est important de réaliser une annotation fonctionnelle du génome, ce qui peut être abordé par le séquençage de transcrits. A terme, le génome annoté sera utilisé pour analyser son expression dans différents tissus et/ou conditions d’élevage, la connaissance des modèles de transcrits et de protéines facilitant les études en transcriptomique et protéomique. Le canard mulard, produit du croisement de la cane commune avec le canard de Barbarie, devra également être étudié en raison de son intérêt agronomique, lié à ses performances exceptionnelles dans la filière des palmipèdes gras.
To evaluate and compare the extent of LD in cattle, 1536 SNPs, mostly localized on BTA03, were detected in silico from available sequence data using two different methods and genotyped on samples from 14 distinct breeds originating from Europe and Africa. Only 696 SNPs could be validated, confirming the importance of trace-quality information for the in silico detection. Most of the validated SNPs were informative in several breeds and were used for a detailed description of their genetic structure and relationships. Results obtained were in agreement with previous studies performed on microsatellite markers and using larger samples. In addition, the majority of the validated SNPs could be mapped precisely, reaching an average density of one marker every 311 kb. This allowed us to analyze the extent of LD in the different breeds. Decrease of LD with physical distance across breeds revealed footprints of ancestral LD at short distances (<10 kb). As suggested by the haplotype block structure, these ancestral blocks are organized, within a breed, into larger blocks of a few hundred kilobases. In practice, such a structure similar to that already reported in dogs makes it possible to develop a chip of <300,000 SNPs, which should be efficient for mapping purposes in most cattle breeds.
A high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L.) and analysis of gene networks involved in flowering time and oil metabolism provide a basis for nutritional exploitation and analyses of adaptation to climate change. Nicolas Langlade and colleagues report the genome sequence of the domesticated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., a global oil crop that can maintain stable yields across a wide range of environmental conditions. Their comparative analyses provide insights into the evolutionary history of Asterids. They also analysed transcriptomic data from vegetative and floral organs, re-sequenced 80 domesticated lines and performed genome-wide association studies identifying 35 loci associated with flowering time. These resources will be useful in breeding programs as well as ecological and evolutionary studies. The domesticated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., is a global oil crop that has promise for climate change adaptation, because it can maintain stable yields across a wide variety of environmental conditions, including drought1. Even greater resilience is achievable through the mining of resistance alleles from compatible wild sunflower relatives2,3, including numerous extremophile species4. Here we report a high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (3.6 gigabases), together with extensive transcriptomic data from vegetative and floral organs. The genome mostly consists of highly similar, related sequences5 and required single-molecule real-time sequencing technologies for successful assembly. Genome analyses enabled the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Asterids, further establishing the existence of a whole-genome triplication at the base of the Asterids II clade6 and a sunflower-specific whole-genome duplication around 29 million years ago7. An integrative approach combining quantitative genetics, expression and diversity data permitted development of comprehensive gene networks for two major breeding traits, flowering time and oil metabolism, and revealed new candidate genes in these networks. We found that the genomic architecture of flowering time has been shaped by the most recent whole-genome duplication, which suggests that ancient paralogues can remain in the same regulatory networks for dozens of millions of years. This genome represents a cornerstone for future research programs aiming to exploit genetic diversity to improve biotic and abiotic stress resistance and oil production, while also considering agricultural constraints and human nutritional needs8,9.
A member of the porcine Ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) Box protein family (ASB), designed as ASB6, was sequenced and the genomic organization of the six exons was determined. We present here a detailed analysis of ASB6 transcripts in pigs. We demonstrate the existence of an alternative transcript resulting from intron retention. This secondary transcript, if functional, encodes a protein without SOCS box. A comparison of mammalian ASB6 transcripts is performed to demonstrate the importance of transcripts encoding for a truncated ASB6 protein.
Since their domestication 10,500 years ago, goat populations with distinctive genetic backgrounds have adapted to a broad variety of environments and breeding conditions. The VarGoats project is an international 1000-genome resequencing program designed to understand the consequences of domestication and breeding on the genetic diversity of domestic goats and to elucidate how speciation and hybridization have modeled the genomes of a set of species representative of the genus Capra.A dataset comprising 652 sequenced goats and 507 public goat sequences, including 35 animals representing eight wild species, has been collected worldwide. We identified 74,274,427 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 13,607,850 insertion-deletions (InDels) by aligning these sequences to the latest version of the goat reference genome (ARS1). A Neighbor-joining tree based on Reynolds genetic distances showed that goats from Africa, Asia and Europe tend to group into independent clusters. Because goat breeds from Oceania and Caribbean (Creole) all derive from imported animals, they are distributed along the tree according to their ancestral geographic origin.We report on an unprecedented international effort to characterize the genome-wide diversity of domestic goats. This large range of sequenced individuals represents a unique opportunity to ascertain how the demographic and selection processes associated with post-domestication history have shaped the diversity of this species. Data generated for the project will also be extremely useful to identify deleterious mutations and polymorphisms with causal effects on complex traits, and thus will contribute to new knowledge that could be used in genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies.
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