Lean plays a major role in the industrial environment. It is a set of techniques that are used in the day to day activities of the automobile industries. More than 30 lean tools are used in the regular schedule of the production environment. Each type of organization uses a particular type of lean tool for a particular problem to achieve optimum production. In order to find the most influential lean tools based on the ranking, a survey has been conducted in 91 automobile industries. The survey is based on the 5 point likerts scale to find the highly impacted lean tools. The survey results show that around 5 tools out of 30 are highly effective. Hence, these works mainly focus on ranking of lean tools, its positive impact towards the automobile industries. It also focuses on the flexibility of tools and how these lean tools can be effectively utilized for the increase in the production rate of the manufacturing industries.
Surface quality and wall thickness mainly depends on the input parameters during forming process. This study aims to optimize surface roughness and wall thickness through incremental forming on AA5052 Aluminium alloy at room temperature by controlling the effects of forming parameters. Design of experiments has been used to study the effects of forming parameters. The influence of three input parameters, (spindle speed, tool feed, and steps size) along with surface roughness and wall thickness as output parameters were analyzed. Obtained experimental results from incremental forming were used for analysis. The optimal results were predicted based on Response Surface Methodology and the analysis of variance. The obtained results predict a predominant interaction between the forming parameters which can be effectively and efficiently identified to produce minimum surface roughness and maximum wall thickness.
This paper presents the study of the tensile, compressive, flexural, impact energy and water absorption characteristics of the luffa fiber and Ground nut reinforced epoxy polymer hybrid composites. Luffa fiber and Ground nut reinforced epoxy resin matrix composites have been developed by hand lay-up technique with luffa fiber treated conditions and Ground nut with different volume fraction of fibers as in 1:1 ratio (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%). Effects of volume fraction on the Tensile, Compressive, Flexural, Impact strength were studied. SEM analysis on the composite materials was performed. Tensile strength varies from 10.35 MPa to 19.31 MPa, compressive strength varies from 26.66 MPa to 52.22 MPa, flexural strength varies from 35.75 MPa to 58.95 MPa and impact energy varies from 0.6 Joules to 1.3 Joules, as a function of fiber volume fraction. The optimum mechanical properties were obtained at 40% of fiber volume fraction of treated fiber composites. Fractures surface of the composite shows the pull out and de-bonding of fiber is occurred.
In this research work, the tribological behaviour of an AZ91D alloy and its composites reinforced with different titanium-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic particulates was investigated. Titanium-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic materials (5 wt%) such as titanium carbide, titanium boride and titanium nitride was used for the fabrication of three different composites, namely ATC, ATB and ATN, respectively. The proposed composites were prepared using a novel ultrasonic treatment-assisted stir-squeeze casting technique. Material characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The porosity and hardness of the composites were determined prior to the wear test. In the pin-on-disc tribometer, the wear test was carried out at room temperature by varying the normal load (12.5–50 N) and the sliding speed (0.25–1 m/s). In addition, at a temperature of up to 200 °C, the tribological behaviour of the composites was assessed. The homogeneous distribution of ultra-high-temperature ceramic particles in the matrix was confirmed by the analysis of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy images. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the reinforcement materials in the matrix were thermally stable. The hardness of the ATC, ATB and ATN was improved by approximately 31%, 33.8% and 29.6%, respectively. In comparison, at all wear testing conditions, ATB demonstrated superior tribological performance, while the performance of ATN was poor and ATC was moderate. Abrasion, oxidation and delamination were the wear mechanisms at room temperature. At elevated temperatures, oxidation, delamination, thermal softening and plastic deformation wear mechanisms were significant..
The combined and individual effects of adding hard TiN ceramic particles and soft hBN solid lubricant particulates on AZ91D magnesium alloy were studied by analysing the tribocorrosion behaviour under various ageing conditions. The proposed materials were fabricated through the Stir-Ultrasonication-Squeeze casting technique and T6 heat treated at various ageing temperatures (170, 200, 230, and 260 oC). The tribocorrosion test results revealed that the 'AHTT' hybrid composite had a high corrosion potential (Ecorr) of -1.38 V, low corrosion current density (Icorr) of 1.82 ×10-6 A cm-2 and low corrosion rate of 0.049 mm/yr. at 200 oC due to grain strengthening, formation of protective tribo-films and H3BO3 precipitates reduce the oxidation reaction during wear and corrosion. At a temperature of 200 °C, the nyquist plot reveals the presence of capacitive loops at both high and medium frequencies, which can be attributed to the formation of a thick tribo film layer that functions as a protective barrier. Furthermore, the stable reprecipitated secondary β-Mg17Al12 acts as a cathode, effectively restricting the formation of Mg+ ions.
Elimination of the non-value added activities in the bogie assembly shop during bogie assembly process. The various non-value added activities are found in the assembly shop such as excess distance between each assembly stages, excess cost to flow of material from one stage to another stage, waste of time and non-flexibility of shop. These types of non-value added activities occur due to the improper arrangement of bogie assembly stages. Implementation of lean manufacturing systems through layout design by the conversion of existing layout of bogie assembly shop into proposed layout. Analysing the existing layout by using the CRAFT method to find out the best optimized layout .Interchanges are made between each stages that help to correct the present layout. Design calculation are done for various stages .Interchanging of stages of different section are considered by distant matrix and total cost calculations .Various cost of all the pair wise interchanged stages are estimated to find the best low cost interchange. As per the design calculation best interchange between the two stages are considered and that lead to the development of new proposed layout in which all the non-value added activities are eliminated
EN24 steel is widely used in many engineering applications such as shaft, axle and fasteners due to high tensile strength and low cost. Friction welding is generally used to join the similar and dissimilar materials. The present work investigates on the mechanical properties of friction welded EN 24 steel joints. The effects of the four main parameters: friction duration, forging time, friction pressure and forging pressure on the mechanical properties of the weld such as hardness and axial shortening are studied experimentally and analyzed using ANOVA statistics.
Purpose Urbanization and globalization in India have led to the depletion of resources and degradation of the environment to meet the demands. Because of these issues, researchers and practitioners have begun to study various strategies to reduce the level consumption of resources to utilize it for present and future needs. In pursuit of finding solutions to the problems, sustainable building construction is found as the best key to avoid depletion of resources. Sustainable material selection is found as a vital strategy in construction. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach A three-phase methodology is proposed for framing the assessment model for construction industries to select materials for construction. In the first phase, a total of 23 sub-criteria of triple bottom line (TBL) and four brick materials as alternatives were identified. The second phase finds the weights and ranks of criteria and sub-criteria using the best worst methodology (BWM) the third phase involves ranking of materials concerning sub-criteria weights determined in phase II using Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Findings The objective of study is fixed to identify the criteria list for the selection of material in construction industries from the literature review especially for Indian construction industries; to rank the criteria for selection of materials with the help of the BWM approach; and to prioritize the identified materials in the view of sustainability with the help of Fuzzy TOPSIS in construction industries perspective. This study analyzed and choosing right sustainable materials by the three pillars of sustainability which are the environment, economic and social, also called TBL, for Indian construction companies by framing a sustainable material assessment model. Originality/value The results of this study facilitate to frame an assessment model for evaluating and selecting sustainable building materials.
Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are now gaining their used in aerospace and automotive industries. Among many AMMCs, Aluminium metal matrix reinforced with Boron Carbide (B4C) is a novel composite. This composite is widely used in automotive industries (brake pads and brake rotor) due to high wear resistance, high strength to low weight ratio, elevated temperature toughness and high stiffness. Boron carbide shows exotic properties such as neutron absorbing compared to other reinforcements such as Al2O3 and SiC. In order to improve tribological characteristics of Al-B4C, the graphite is added as a solid lubricant. Due to the presence of hard ceramic reinforcement in metal matrix, it is very difficult to machining by conventional methods. Even nontraditional processes such as laser jet machining and electro discharge machining result in significant subsurface damage and heat affected zone to the work. Electrochemical machining (ECM) is an advanced machining process that is used for the machining of aerospace and automotive components, and dies and molds, etc. In order to increase the material removal rate and surface quality of the work, fine size abrasive particles are mixed with electrolyte. This abrasive particles working along with anodic dissolution can increase the material removal rate.
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