Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in motor and sensory deficits, or even paralysis. Due to the role of the cascade reaction, the effect of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the early and middle stages of SCI severely damage neurons, and most antioxidants cannot consistently eliminate ROS at non-toxic doses, which leads to a huge compromise in antioxidant treatment of SCI. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have excellent ROS scavenging bioactivity, but the toxicity control problem limits the therapeutic window. Here, we propose a synergistic therapeutic strategy of SeNPs encapsulated by ZIF-8 (SeNPs@ZIF-8) to obtain synergistic ROS scavenging activity. Three different spatial structures of SeNPs@ZIF-8 were synthesized and coated with ferrostatin-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor (FSZ NPs), to achieve enhanced anti-oxidant and anti-ferroptosis activity without toxicity. FSZ NPs promoted the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and promoting the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. In addition, the FSZ NPs presented strong abilities to promote neuronal maturation and axon growth through activating the WNT4-dependent pathways, while prevented glial scar formation. The current study demonstrates the powerful and versatile bioactive functions of FSZ NPs for SCI treatment and offers inspiration for other neural injury diseases.
This paper introduces the developments of AMS and its applications in China. The AMS at PKU has been upgraded recently and a precision better than 0.5% for 14 C measurement can be reached. Hundreds of samples were dated for the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project and AMS played an important role in the establishment of chronological framework of those three dynasties. Geological and biomedical studies were also carried out on PKUAMS. AMS at CIAE has measured quite a lot of radionuclides and various detection techniques such as conversed PIXE, gas-filled magnet and gas-filled TOF have been studied. SINR developed an AMS based on a mini-cyclotron and its performance has been improved continuously.
IL-33 released by epithelial cells and immune cells functions as an alarmin and can induce both type 1 and type 2 immune responses. However, the role of IL-33 release in tumor development is still not clear. In this study, we examined the function of released IL-33 in murine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) models by hydrodynamically injecting either IL-33-expressing tumor cells or IL-33-expressing plasmids into the liver of tumor-bearing mice. Tumor growth was greatly inhibited by IL-33 release. This antitumor effect of IL-33 was dependent on suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) because it was diminished in ST2-/- mice. Moreover, HCC patients with high IL-33 expression have prolonged overall survival compared with the patients with low IL-33 expression. Further study showed that there were increased percentages and numbers of activated and effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in both spleen and liver in IL-33-expressing tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, IFN-γ production of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was upregulated in both spleen and liver by IL-33. The cytotoxicity of CTLs from IL-33-expressing mice was also enhanced. In vitro rIL-33 treatment could preferentially expand CD8+ T cells and promote CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and IFN-γ production. Depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells diminished the antitumor activity of IL-33, suggesting that the antitumor function of released IL-33 was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we demonstrated in murine HCC models that IL-33 release could inhibit tumor development through its interaction with ST2 to promote antitumor CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
<p>Representative flow cytometry plots for intracellular staining of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 by gating on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from splenocytes stimulated with B16-F10 lysates on day 14 in subcutaneous melanoma model.</p>
<p>Representative flow cytometry plots for intracellular staining of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-2 by gating on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells from splenocytes stimulated with B16-F10 lysates on day 14 in subcutaneous melanoma model.</p>
We report here chemical vapor sensing in free-space coupled defect-free photonic crystal slabs. It shows a quality factor of 6,890 and a sensitivity of 1.76×10−2 pm/ppm for hexane, with a detection limit of 57 ppm.
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