İntraplevral streptokinaz etkinliğinin incelenmesi amacıyla, enfekte plevral sıvıda intraplevral streptokinaz tedavi (İPST) takiben cerrahi ihtiyacı, opere olan ve olmayan olgularda plevral sıvı parametrelerinin bu ihtiyacı öngörmedeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi planlanmıştır. Kliniğimizde beş yıllık periyotta İPST uygulanan olgular retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Tüberküloz plörezi olguları çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen İPST uygulanmış 72 hastanın 58’i parapnömonik efüzyon (PPE), 10’u komplike parapnömonik efüzyon (KPE) ve 4’ü ampiyem idi. İPST sonrası 72.saat, 24saat öncesi ile karşılaştırıldığında plevral sıvı drenajının anlamlı düzeyde arttığı gözlenmiştir [0 ml (0–1000) karşı 650 ml (0-2935), p<0.001]. Hastaların %76’sı cerrahi ihtiyacı olmadan başarılı bir şekilde tedavi edilmiş iken, %24’ünde intraplevral tedaviye rağmen cerrahi yapılmıştır. İki grupta İPST öncesi başlangıç plevral sıvı analizleri karşılaştırıldığında, opere olmayan grupta glukoz düzeylerinin daha düşük, plevral adenozin deaminaz (ADA) seviyesinin ise daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır [10 mg/dl (0-161) karşı 69 (5-148), 35 U/L (0-234) karşı 19 (3-82), p=0.026, p=0.003, sırasıyla ]. İPST plevral drenajı arttırıp, operasyon ihtiyacını azaltabilir. Bu çalışmada bulgular, İPST öncesinde plevral sıvı glukoz ve ADA düzeylerinin cerrahi gereksinimini, dolayısıyla İPST etkinliği ve başarısını tahmin etmek için kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
The aim of our study was to identify if there was a relation between red cell distribution width, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, leukocyte count and thrombocyte count at the time of presentation to hospital and acute appendicitis.Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. Misinterpretation of symptoms and findings in acute appendicitis may lead to removal of normal appendix and delayed diagnosis can result in perforation and peritonitis. Many studies tried to delineate the relation between acute appendicitis and laboratory findings. Latest studies focused on components of complete blood count such as red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume.This was a retrospective clinical study that enrolled 638 patients with abdominal pain and open appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Complete blood count results including red cell distribution width were retrieved from medical charts of patients and analyzed.There was no statistically significant difference between appendicitis, non pathological appendix and perforated appendicitis in terms of red cell distribution width or other blood count components except leukocyte level.Despite current findings in medical literature indicating predictive value of red cell distribution width in acute appendicitis; its utility for differential diagnosis might be overestimated (Tab. 1, Ref. 22).
To quantify microstructutal alterations in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in patients recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Retrospective, observational.This comparative, cross-sectional study included patients who recovered from COVID-19 (Group 1) and age- and sex-matched normal controls (Group 2).A comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity and biomicroscopic anterior and posterior segment examination was performed. SD-OCT analysis of the macula and peripapillary RNFL was obtained for each participant. In addition, patient demographics and comorbidities were recorded.238 eyes of 122 subjects (Group 1: n = 63; Group 2: n = 59) were included. The incidence of coexisting comorbidity was higher in Group 1 (n = 26/63, 41.3%) compared with Group 2 (n = 12/59, 20.3%) (p = 0.013). The central foveal thickness (CFT) was significantly higher in Group 1 (271.0±26.8 µm) than Group 2 (263.2±22.0 µm) (p = 0.015). The average outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness at central fovea in Group 1 (85.4±13.3 µm) was significantly thicker than that in Group 2 (81.4±15.2 µm) (p = 0.035). The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness of Group 1 (102.6±8.8 µm) and Group 2 (100.9±8.3 µm) were similar (p = 0.145). The mean choroidal thickness of groups at the fovea and at 1500 µm nasal and temporal to the fovea were not significantly different (p > 0.05 for all).Significant thickness alterations in individual retinal layers and CFT was detected in post-COVID-19 patients. The increase in CFT and ONL thickness might be attributed to direct infection or viral-induced inflammatory response of retina.
Background: Determination of the prognostic factors which affects the mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients, has an importance in terms of planning the treatment and follow-up strategy. Material and Method: Patients who had COVID-19 diagnosis via microbiologically and/or radiologically between March and October 2020 in a tertiary-care university hospital were recorded retrospectively. Only adult patients (≥18 years) with clinical spectrum of moderate, severe and critical illness were included in the study according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) guideline. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Ethical committee approval was given from the Uludag University with decision number 2020-22/11. Also, the permission from Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health was given. Results: A total number of 257 patients were included in the study. 30-day mortality rate was recorded as 14.4%. In univariate analysis; age, chronic renal failure, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, number of comorbidities >2, dyspnea, cough, NIH severe and critical illness, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, qSOFA, GCS, MEWS, SOFA, CURB-65, CCI, CRP, procalcitonin, CK, D-dimer, lymphocyte and thrombocyte levels, neutrophile-to-lymphocyte ratio, AST, albumin, hemoglobin, CK-MB, fibrinogen, LDH and potassium levels were found as statistically significant (p<0.05). In logistic regression analysis one point increase of SOFA (p<0.001, OR:1.861, 95%CI:1.403-2.468) and CURB-65 scores (p=0.002, OR:2.484, 95%CI:1.401-4.406) were found as statistically significant for 30-day mortality. In mortal patients, there were significant difference between the baseline, day 3, 7 and 14 results of D-dimer (p=0.01), Ferritin (p=0.042), leucocyte (p=0.019) and neutrophile count (p=0.007). Conclusion: In our study, SOFA and CURB-65 scores on admission were associated with mortality and these score systems might be useful tools for the prognosis in COVID-19 patients.In addition to this, D-dimer, Ferritin, leucocyte and neutrophile counts were significantly increased during the follow up in patients with mortality.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) which is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii is usually seen in the patients whose immune system is supressed. It is seriously seen an opportunist infection. In our study; totally 100 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial washing samples collected by pulmonary disease department. Which belong to the patients in the clinics, and out patient clinic of the bronchoscopy material were evaluated.The BAL and bronchial washing were evaluated by the help of methenamine silver stain (Gomori/Grocott), toluidine blue O stain, Wright-Giemsa stain, immun fluorescent antibody (IFA) stain, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).In the BAL and bronchial washing samples the agent couldn't be shown by the help of methenamine silver (Gomori/Grocott), toluidine blue O, Wright-Giemsa staining. In 13 patients with IFA test the cysts of P. jirovecii were determined. In 16 patients with nested PCR; the DNA of P. jirovecii were determined. In 8 patients by using PCR and IFA test P. jirovecii was determined. When the samples which had P. jirovecii were analyzed; 13 of them were BAL and 8 of them were bronchial washing. When the phenomenon groups were evaluated according to age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), congestive cardiac failure (CCF), staying in the hospital in the last three months, using antibiotics and radiological findings; there wasn't a statistical meaningful relation between P. jirovecii positivity and these situations. When the phenomenon groups were evaluated according to PCR and IFA positivity; in IFA and PCR positive patients for immunosupressive there was a meaningful differances (p= 0.003). The positive 28.6 % of cases were immunosuppressed and the 3.8% of PCR or IFA negative cases were immunosupressed. When PCR method was compared with IFA which is called gold standard for sensitivity and specificity; sensitivity was found 61.5% and specificity was found 90.8%. IFA and PCR diagnosis test results were compatible (With McNemar test p= 0.581).Diagnostic sensitivity of staining methods for P. jirovecii in immunocompromised HIV negative patients are found to be low and it was shown that IFA and nested PCR methods have not parallel results.
Background: The syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) has been proposed as an important phenotype of pulmonary fibrosis and is characterized by the presence of emphysema and parenchymal fibrosis in the same patient. CPFE is characterized by the association of distinct features including smoking, severe dyspnea, subnormal spirometry measurements contrasting with severely impaired gas exchange and hypoxemia during exercise. Aim: We aimed to asses the radiological images, clinical features and lung function of the patients diagnosed with CPFE. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical record data, radiological imaging, pulmonary function tests; lung volumes, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) for a series of 21 patients with CPFE at university hospital. Results: Median age of the patients was 73 (53-90), 20 of them were male. Nineteen of the patients were current or former smokers (mean pack-years 40). The patients had a median DLCO of 46%, their median total lung capacity (TLC) was 80%, median forced vital capacity (FVC) of 65% predicted. Median FEV1/FVC ratio was 0.86, with median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 70% predicted. All had predominantly upper lobe emphysema on computed tomography (CT); 13/21 had lower lobe subpleural reticular abnormalities and 15/21 had honeycombing and 8/21 had lower lobe ground glass changes on CT imaging. Conclusion: Normal spirometry and lung volumes do not rule out a diagnosis of emphysema or ILD in apatient in whom the two processes could coexist. Thorax CT is the critical test for the diagnosis of CPFE. The imaging findings in CPFE patients are heterogeneous.
Objectives.The most common cause of acute COPD exacerbation (AECOPD) is the respiratory tract infections.We sought to determine the bacteriological etiology of hospitalized acute exacerbations of COPD requiring hospitalization in consecutive two years.Methods.We aimed to determine the bacteriological etiology underlying in patients whom admitted to Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Medicine and hospitalized with AECOPD in the last two years.Medical records of the study participants were screened retrospectively and sociodemographic characteristics, routine laboratory tests and sputum culture results were analyzed.Results.A total of 242 patients hospitalized for AECOPD were enrolled.Of these 86.4% (n=209) were male.The mean age of the group was 66.6±11 years old.Sputum cultures were available in the 45 % (n=109) of the study group.The most frequent bacteria isolated from the sputum cultures of the study group were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Acinetobacter baumanii.Length of stay was longer in patients with the A. baumanii isolate than the rest of the group (p=0.024).Length of stay in hospital was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.78).Isolation of A. baumanii and/or Staphylococcus aureus in sputum culture were identified as independent risk factors for prolonged length of stay in-hospital (b=0.26,p=0.008; b=15.40,p=0.003).Conclusions.Our study shows that P. aeruginosa, S. pneumonia, H. influenzae are common sputum isolates in AECOPD patients requiring hospitalization.Isolation of A. baumanii and/or S. aureus in sputum culture is associated with prolonged length of stay in hospital, which is an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality.