Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) is a potential alternative energy made from municipal solid waste (MSW). RDF could partially substitute coal in industries that use combustion equipment, for example in cement manufacturing industries. The optimal moisture content for solid fuel is around 10-20%. However, RDF that supplied in one of Indonesian cement industries reached moisture content almost 30%. A solar dryer has been built and tested to reduce the moisture content of RDF. Its parts were a greenhouse type tunnel drying unit with fiber plastic cover and electrical axial fans. In this experiment, the effect of three fan modes on the thermal efficiency were also investigated. The modes were operating one fan, two fans, and without fan. The solar dryer had dimensions of 2 m x 1.5 m x 0.8 m (length x width x height). The mass of RDF was 20 kg. The efficiency was calculated using the measured experimental data, i.e. environment temperature, room temperature, air velocity, solar irradiation, and relative humidity. The result revealed that the lowest moisture content produced by the dryer reached to 14.75%. Furthermore, the thermal efficiency could increase up to about 17.07% by using two fans mode.
The purpose of this research was to process a mixture of paper waste and garden waste based on material flow analysis and to analyze its parameters based on water content, ash content, heating value, along with Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA)/Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG).The garden waste treatment process consists of shredding, drying with a rotary dryer, separator, and then shaving with a hammer mill.Paper waste only needs a shredder process.Then, the mixing process and pelletizing of paper waste as well as garden waste are carried out according to the variation (w/w) 100% paper (K100), 75% paper (K75), 50% paper (K50), 25% paper (K25), and 100% garden waste (K0).The water content ranged from 5.8 to 15.25%.From K0 to K100 samples, the ash content increased from 4.54 to 9.85%.A correlation of 0.9047 was found from samples K0 to K100.There was a correlation between increasing calorific value along with the mixture with paper waste.The caloric value in K0 to K100 increased from 13.11 to 19.03 MJ/kg.The TGA/DTG analysis reduced mass due to water evaporation, devolatilization, and carbonization processes.
<span lang="EN-US">Refuse derived fuel (RDF) is an environmentally friendly renewable fuel developed to reduce waste generation. RDF can consist of various kinds of waste such as paper and gardens. One of the critical parameters is the chemical element and calorific value. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for waste reduction and the relationship of ultimate longevity in RDF to the calorific value. This study's paper and garden waste mixture were P0 (100% paper), P25 (75% paper and 25% garden), P50 (50% paper and 50% garden), P75 (25% paper and 75% garden), and P100 (100% garden). The calorific value of the mixture can reach 3.6-5.2 kWh/kg. Simultaneously the relationship of ultimate elements nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and ash affects the heating value of RDF. Sampling the application in Depok City can reduce waste by 6.67%, with the potential for electrical energy from paper and garden wastes of 358,903.8 kWh and 48,681 kWh, respectively. This shows that this energy waste can supply 0.1% of the total daily electricity demand in Depok City.</span>
Density and hardness are physical parameters in the manufacturing of refuse derived fuel (RDF) pellets.In making pellets, a high heating value for the combustion system is desired.This research aimed to analyze the mixture of municipal solid waste to its density and hardness and study its correlation to heating value.The variable used in this research is a mixture of paper waste and garden waste and food scraps and garden waste.The density and hardness for the mix of paper waste and garden waste were 1970.6 to 2474.8 kg/m 3 and 37.8-42.8HA, respectively.The mixture of food waste and garden waste has density and hardness of 1822 to 2276.7 kg/m 3 and 17.4-37.8HA.The correlation between density and hardness on heating values did not reach a significance of 0.05, so there was no strong relationship between density and hardness on heating values.
Abstract Refused Derived Fuels (RDF) alternative energy materials from municipal waste are alternative materials needed by the cement industry to substitute coal. Apart from the fact that RDF products have high heat, RDF prices are more economical than coal. RDF production is also able to solve municipal solid waste (MSW) problems and reduce CO2 emissions. In Indonesia statute no. 18, 2008, concerning waste management, it has regulated a tipping fee or compensation from the government to process costs per ton of waste. However, not many governments in cities in Indonesia have determined the value of this compensation. The purpose of this study is to simulate a tipping fee policy to support municipal solid waste management as an alternative material for RDF in the cement industry. This research’s case study is municipal solid waste management in Tuban, a cement plant in Tuban. Method stages This research was carried out by making a feasibility study model at the RDF Plant in Tuban. Next, a simulation of the number of tipping fees should be spent. The simulation results will be compared with project feasibility indicators such as NPV, IRR, payback period, and BCR. The results showed that tipping fees were needed to support project sustainability. It was suggested that with the maximum investment of 5 billion Rupiah, the minimum tipping fee is 70 thousand Rupiah per ton for processing 120 tons MSW per day. That should be supported by the sale of a by-product of RDF production in the form of fertilizer.
Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat merupakan salah satu bentuk kontribusi dari lembaga pendidikan dan tenaga akademik untuk memberikan manfaat langsung kepada masyarakat. Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia (UISI) melalui program studi Manajemen Rekayasa telah melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertujuan untuk membantu pengembangan usaha UMKM MR Udangku di Kelurahan Lumpur, Gresik. Pengembangan atau inovasi terhadap suatu produk telah dilakukan pada pengmas sebelumnya dan menghasilkan inovasi olahan udang sebagai hasil tangkapan hasil laut terbesar di Kelurahan Lumpur. Produksi telah rutin dilakukan hingga terbentuk UMKM UdangKu. Dengan pemasaran yang dilakukan secara langsung dan juga melalui e-commerce. Namun, terdapat berbagai aspek yang perlu diperhatikan dalam pengembangan produk untuk meningkatkan kualitas, daya saing, dan keberlanjutan usaha. Metode yang digunakan pada pengembangan usaha UMKM MR Udangku yaitu HoQ (House of Quality) untuk Identifikasi Kualitas Produk, Pareto dan Fishbone Diagram untuk menguji Kualitas Produk, Pengembangan Izin Usaha untuk (NIB dan Halal) serta Manajemen Keuangan untuk menghitung HPP (Harga Pokok Penjualan). Hasil dari pendampingan pengembangan usaha ini adalah mengetahui peluang bisnis yang bisa dikembang, melakukan evaluasi dan peningkatan kualitas produk, mendapatkan NIB dan Sertifikasi Halal serta mengetahui HPP produk nugget udang.
Energi terutama dalam bentuk listrik sangat dibutuhkan untuk menunjang kegiatan pembangunan dan meningkatkan taraf kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat di tiap negara. Dalam rangka mendukung kebijakan Pemerintah mengenai pengembangan energi, khususnya kebijakan Pemerintah di sektor ketenagalistrikan maka sangat diperlukan kebijakan pemanfaatan renewable energy untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi nasional dan mengurangi konsumsi minyak bumi dari total konsumsi energi di Indonesia.
Dengan jumlah penduduk sebanyak 238 juta jiwa (BPS, 2008), Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penyumbang emisi CO2 terbesar yaitu sejumlah 2.1 giga ton dari CO2 pada 2005 (Kementrian LH,2008). Sedangkan menurut pengunaan energi primer ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil yang tidak terbarukan masih sangat tinggi, dilihat dari proporsi fosil pada pembangkitan sebesar 88% (RUPTL, 2011). Dengan konsep green economy, yang mentargetkan keuntungan ekonomi tinggi namun meminimalkan dampak lingkungan, transisi energi menuju renewable energy diperlukan untuk menjamin pasokan energi yang ramah lingkungan dan berdampak positif pada keuntungan ekonomi dan efisiensi sumber daya.
Model dikembangkan melalui pendekatan sistem dinamik dan dilakukan simulasi antara 2005-2025. Simulasi dilakukan dengan sekenario pemberlakuan pajak karbon, penghapusan subsidi BBM untuk listrik, pemberian insentif investasi untuk pengembangan renewable energy. Dari ketiga simulasi tersebut, skenario pajak karbon sebagai insentif investasi pengembangan renewable energy menjadi skenario terpilih dengan penghematan biaya energi sebesar 16.68% dan terjadi peningkatan keuntungan lingkungan berupa reduksi emisi CO2 sebesar 11.92 %. Pajak karbon yang dikenakan merupakan variabel pemaksa untuk investasi renewable energy.
The current research aimed to increase the calorific value of woody cutting waste briquette with paper waste pulp as binder. There were three different binder variation used in this study, they are 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %. To create a briquette, a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm and a hydraulic press with 2 t power were applied. The physical characteristics of the combination woody waste briquette and paper waste pulp, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were examined using proximate analysis. The calorific value of briquetted fuel was tested by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was performed to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes, for example initial ignition time, temperature distribution, and combustion process duration. The general result shows that the calorific value of briquette stood in the range of 4 876 kCal kg –1 to 4 993 kCal kg –1 . The maximum moisture content of briquette was 5.32 %. The longest burning time was 105 min.
Abstract Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia (UISI) disposes abundant amount of woody waste, such as leaves, twigs, and brunches from the pruning of woody plants. The aim of this research is to convert of this waste into combustible biomass briquettes by varying the particle size and binder ratio. A hydraulic press with 2 tons power and a cylindrical iron mold with diameter of 3.5 cm and height of 3 cm were used for the briquetting process. The physical characteristics of woody waste briquette, such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter and carbon fix were evaluated using proximate analysis. The caloric value of briquetted fuel was measured by bomb calorimeter. The combustion test was conducted to determine the combustion characteristic of briquettes. The general result shows that the caloric value of developed briquettes was between 3402 and 3630 kcal/kg. The moisture content of briquette ranged from 1.080-1.16 %. Volatile matter was found in the range of 22.2 to 39.4 %. Ash content was 31.2-35.9 %, and carbon fix was 23.54-45.52%. The shortest ignition time was 229 s. The longest burning time was 78 minutes. Based on TG/DTA results, woody waste briquette decomposition occurred from 49°C to 801°C.
Most fishermen in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia used open air bamboo wicker as a conventional solar fish dryer. However, the dryer has weakness such as need long time to dry and cleanliness issue. The condition raises the idea of designing and manufacturing solar cabinet dryer to improve efficiency and overcome the weaknesses in a conventional fish dryer. The solar cabinet dryer contains 3 kg fish and designed in 3 shelf collectors which are equipped with mirror to maximize solar radiation. The fish dried to below 40% of moisture content based on Indonesian National Standard. Dryer performance is measured from drying rate and efficiency. It found that the drying rate per hour was 18.93%, 20.81%, 20.92% mass/hour for 30°, 45° and 60° mirror angle respectively. Highest efficiency performance of solar cabinet dryer was 34.94%. In cleanliness issue showed a decrease of 25.1 × 10 6 bacteria colonies/gr on conventional drying to 19.5×10 6 bacteria colonies/gr on designed solar fish dryer.
